8c054e10506d96e22cc6c5edeefa7335 pmc_9785004.pdf fd0841f1e04dc152a9488bc8723b0f4aed0647b8 pmc_9785004.pdf 33e65d66d8f830f06c1c9b5219398af920794b3979d0edceb05449701685dd44 pmc_9785004.pdf Title: A Morphometric Analysis of the Santolina chamaecyparissus Complex (Asteraceae) Subject: The genus Santolina (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) includes 26 species of aromatic evergreen shrubs endemic to the western Mediterranean Basin. Santolina is widely used as ornamental plant, in xerigardening, and in ethnobotany. The Santolina chamaecyparissus complex, including about half of the known species diversity, has been properly investigated on systematic and taxonomic grounds only recently, and a complete morphometric study is still missing. Here we provide a morphometric characterization and comparison of all the 14 species of this complex, using both univariate and multivariate analyses. Our results suggest that species of this complex can be distinguished using combinations of quantitative and qualitative character-states, mostly related to the leaf morphology. The analysis of S. villosa, a tetraploid/hexaploid Spanish endemic, showed that the two cytotypes cannot be safely identified based on morphology. Coupling this evidence with available phylogenetic information, we conclude that there is no reason to split the two cytotypes of S. villosa in two distinct taxa. An identification key for all the species of the complex is presented. Keywords: Mediterranean Basin; Anthemideae; endemism; morphometry; Random Forest Author: Antonio Giacò, Paola De Giorgi, Giovanni Astuti, Paolo Caputo, Miguel Serrano, Rodrigo Carballal, Llorenç Sáez, Gianluigi Bacchetta and Lorenzo Peruzzi Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Wed Dec 21 02:04:39 2022 CET ModDate: Wed Dec 21 03:22:47 2022 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 14 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 4996149 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- VQULWG+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 BLQRXY+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 WGOMYV+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 OWRADR+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 23 0 OZIBHC+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 27 0 MMWFTU+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 32 0 VTLKDP+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 51 0 FJBUXO+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 82 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 90 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 94 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 98 0 BCDIEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 102 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 121 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 125 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 129 0 BCDIEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 133 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 155 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 159 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 163 0 BCDIEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 167 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 183 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 187 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 191 0 JPKROM+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes no 202 0 HBJPOH+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 209 0 HBJPOJ+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 212 0 HBJPOL+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 215 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-02-28 02:35:33 CET RepresentationInformation: pmc_9785004.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-10-12 02:19:49 CEST Size: 4996149 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 382 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Morphometrics of the Two Cytotypes of S. villosa Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Morphometrics of the Whole S. chamaecyparissus Complex Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.3 Item: Title: Identification Key Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: table.caption.14 Info: Title: A Morphometric Analysis of the Santolina chamaecyparissus Complex (Asteraceae) Author: Antonio Giacò, Paola De Giorgi, Giovanni Astuti, Paolo Caputo, Miguel Serrano, Rodrigo Carballal, Llorenç Sáez, Gianluigi Bacchetta and Lorenzo Peruzzi Subject: The genus Santolina (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) includes 26 species of aromatic evergreen shrubs endemic to the western Mediterranean Basin. Santolina is widely used as ornamental plant, in xerigardening, and in ethnobotany. The Santolina chamaecyparissus complex, including about half of the known species diversity, has been properly investigated on systematic and taxonomic grounds only recently, and a complete morphometric study is still missing. Here we provide a morphometric characterization and comparison of all the 14 species of this complex, using both univariate and multivariate analyses. Our results suggest that species of this complex can be distinguished using combinations of quantitative and qualitative character-states, mostly related to the leaf morphology. The analysis of S. villosa, a tetraploid/hexaploid Spanish endemic, showed that the two cytotypes cannot be safely identified based on morphology. Coupling this evidence with available phylogenetic information, we conclude that there is no reason to split the two cytotypes of S. villosa in two distinct taxa. An identification key for all the species of the complex is presented. 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