119991788135f05b69395d8ae4fbb17b languages_a2023v8an56.pdf bb93a4d299c8eb016a753e4ca2f9732f9ffd3b37 languages_a2023v8an56.pdf dbd13ce3c2089f816a6afdb07d094814f8f825bdf9b65e110a75216229741c44 languages_a2023v8an56.pdf Title: Is Full-Time Equivalent an Appropriate Measure to Assess L1 and L2 Perception of L2 Speakers with Limited L2 Experience? Subject: The revised version of the Speech Learning Model (SLM-r) regards full-time equivalent (FTE), which involves the amount of L2 use during the length of residence (LOR) in an L2 setting, as the main factor in L2 speech acquisition. Previous studiesshowed that LOR has a significant effect on L2 and L1 production and perception but does not explain differences between populations (i.e., L1-Spanish L2-English vs. L1-English L2-Spanish). A reanalysis of the data has been conducted by calculating the FTE of the experienced participants. The aim was also to investigate whether the assumptions of the SLM-r are applicable to L1 and L2 perception. A series of correlation tests between FTE and category boundary—between voiced and voiceless stops—was conducted, yielding non-significant results. The relatively short LOR of participants, the quality of the input and differences in terms of L2 instruction between participants could explain the lack of a clear effect of FTE in this study. Therefore, FTE on its own may not be sufficient to account for L2 accuracy in perception, at least for L2 speakers with limited L2 input, and other factors should be considered. Keywords: perception; L2 acquisition; L1; crosslinguistic influence; SLM; FTE Author: Celia Gorba Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Wed Feb 15 04:28:10 2023 CET ModDate: Wed Feb 15 04:32:07 2023 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 17 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1157133 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- JHMNXZ+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 LICXOZ+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 OYGTVM+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 PNJMNO+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 23 0 TVMPZF+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 43 0 QUQEQJ+TeX-tipa10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 82 0 FCAVPZ+SFTT0800 Type 1 Custom yes yes no 89 0 FXXUVH+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 94 0 CKBPVA+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 104 0 CMJLGP+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 122 0 CMJLHB+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 125 0 CMJLIC+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 128 0 CMJLGP+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 147 0 CMJLHB+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 150 0 CMJLIC+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 153 0 CMJLGP+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 175 0 CMJLHB+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 178 0 CMJLIC+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 181 0 CMJLGP+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 200 0 CMJLHB+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 203 0 CMJLIC+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 206 0 NUUXUW+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes no 224 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-02-18 02:39:57 CET RepresentationInformation: languages_a2023v8an56.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-02-17 16:42:34 CET Size: 1157133 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 571 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Children: Item: Title: Crosslinguistic Differences in VOT Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Children: Item: Title: Subjects Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Stimuli Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Tasks Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Data Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: English Learners of Spanish Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Children: Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Interim Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Spanish Learners of English Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Children: Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Interim Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: General Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Info: Title: Is Full-Time Equivalent an Appropriate Measure to Assess L1 and L2 Perception of L2 Speakers with Limited L2 Experience? Author: Celia Gorba Subject: The revised version of the Speech Learning Model (SLM-r) regards full-time equivalent (FTE), which involves the amount of L2 use during the length of residence (LOR) in an L2 setting, as the main factor in L2 speech acquisition. Previous studiesshowed that LOR has a significant effect on L2 and L1 production and perception but does not explain differences between populations (i.e., L1-Spanish L2-English vs. L1-English L2-Spanish). A reanalysis of the data has been conducted by calculating the FTE of the experienced participants. The aim was also to investigate whether the assumptions of the SLM-r are applicable to L1 and L2 perception. A series of correlation tests between FTE and category boundary between voiced and voiceless stops was conducted, yielding non-significant results. The relatively short LOR of participants, the quality of the input and differences in terms of L2 instruction between participants could explain the lack of a clear effect of FTE in this study. Therefore, FTE on its own may not be sufficient to account for L2 accuracy in perception, at least for L2 speakers with limited L2 input, and other factors should be considered. 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Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 294, 676, 330, 687 Checksum: 9c95c81b Type: CRC32 Checksum: 119991788135f05b69395d8ae4fbb17b Type: MD5 Checksum: bb93a4d299c8eb016a753e4ca2f9732f9ffd3b37 Type: SHA-1