93f6eb49892327f58c77cc18d16b5feb Pro_a2023v11n1p241.pdf c4b84dc1a52f086b21dcf18bab4db96096f4d40c Pro_a2023v11n1p241.pdf 294e1a980c09a94c81768dfef1dad9783a6b24a1cb46eea4e53c756f2c19ffb5 Pro_a2023v11n1p241.pdf Title: Incorporation of Substrates and Inoculums as Operational Strategies to Promote Lignocellulose Degradation in Composting of Green Waste—A Pilot-Scale Study Subject: Composting is a sustainable alternative for green waste (GW) valorization contributing to the circular bioeconomy. However, the processing time must be reduced and the end-product quality must be improved. This study determined the effect of the incorporation of processed food waste (PFW), unprocessed food (UPFW), sawdust (SW), phosphate rock (PR) and a specific bacterial inoculum on GW-composting process parameters and product quality. Three treatments were evaluated in 120 kg piles: (i) TA: (GW + UPFW + PFW + inoculum), (ii) TB (GW + UPFW + PFW), and (iii) TC (GW). An inoculum of Bacillus sp. and Paenibacillus sp. was incorporated in the cooling phase for TA. On the other hand, the effect of the inoculum at the laboratory scale (20 kg reactors) was compared with that found at the pilot scale (120 kg piles). The incorporation of FW, SW, PR and the inoculum increased the amount of lignocellulose biodegradation (TA: 29.1%; TB: 22.7%; TC: 18.2%), which allowed for a reduction of up to 14 days of processing time. The product obtained for TA had a similar quality to the other two treatments, although a lower phytotoxicity was determined according to the germination index (TA: 95%; TB: 85%; and TC: 83%). The final product of TA showed the best agricultural characteristics with pH 8.3, TOC of 24.8%, TN of 1.32%, and GI of 98.8%. Finally, the scaling effect with the bacterial inoculum was shown to affect parameters such as the TOC, TN, GI, and, to a lesser extent, temperature and pH. The results obtained in this paper highlight the importance of optimizing the composting of GW, specifically with the use of co-substrates and specific inocula, which can be of interest for composting materials with a high content of lignocellulose such as GW. Keywords: green waste; composting; bacteria; food waste; lignocellulose Author: Edgar Ricardo Oviedo-Ocaña, Jonathan Soto-Paz, Viviana Sanchez-Torres and Antoni Sánchez Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Wed Jan 11 13:20:50 2023 CET ModDate: Wed Jan 11 13:22:34 2023 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 12 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1598407 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- GFKJOY+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 YKQSKC+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 GGSSBC+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 MJKCGF+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 AIQCCL+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 BHUVWR+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 46 0 WCJBMC+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 68 0 JHYTSG+CMR10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 75 0 CKBPVA+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 79 0 MPUDFL+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 86 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-02-24 02:30:39 CET RepresentationInformation: Pro_a2023v11n1p241.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2024-02-23 14:07:52 CET Size: 1598407 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 313 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Substrates and Composting Process Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Analytical Methods Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Lignocellulose Degradation Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Product Quality Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Physicochemical Changes during the Process Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Biodegradation of Lignocellulose Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Product Quality Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.5 Info: Title: Incorporation of Substrates and Inoculums as Operational Strategies to Promote Lignocellulose Degradation in Composting of Green Waste A Pilot-Scale Study Author: Edgar Ricardo Oviedo-Ocaña, Jonathan Soto-Paz, Viviana Sanchez-Torres and Antoni Sánchez Subject: Composting is a sustainable alternative for green waste (GW) valorization contributing to the circular bioeconomy. However, the processing time must be reduced and the end-product quality must be improved. This study determined the effect of the incorporation of processed food waste (PFW), unprocessed food (UPFW), sawdust (SW), phosphate rock (PR) and a specific bacterial inoculum on GW-composting process parameters and product quality. Three treatments were evaluated in 120 kg piles: (i) TA: (GW + UPFW + PFW + inoculum), (ii) TB (GW + UPFW + PFW), and (iii) TC (GW). An inoculum of Bacillus sp. and Paenibacillus sp. was incorporated in the cooling phase for TA. On the other hand, the effect of the inoculum at the laboratory scale (20 kg reactors) was compared with that found at the pilot scale (120 kg piles). The incorporation of FW, SW, PR and the inoculum increased the amount of lignocellulose biodegradation (TA: 29.1%; TB: 22.7%; TC: 18.2%), which allowed for a reduction of up to 14 days of processing time. The product obtained for TA had a similar quality to the other two treatments, although a lower phytotoxicity was determined according to the germination index (TA: 95%; TB: 85%; and TC: 83%). The final product of TA showed the best agricultural characteristics with pH 8.3, TOC of 24.8%, TN of 1.32%, and GI of 98.8%. Finally, the scaling effect with the bacterial inoculum was shown to affect parameters such as the TOC, TN, GI, and, to a lesser extent, temperature and pH. The results obtained in this paper highlight the importance of optimizing the composting of GW, specifically with the use of co-substrates and specific inocula, which can be of interest for composting materials with a high content of lignocellulose such as GW. Keywords: green waste; composting; bacteria; food waste; lignocellulose Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Wed Jan 11 13:20:50 CET 2023 ModDate: Wed Jan 11 13:22:34 CET 2023 ID: 0x1212deba936b0d2027595405dc94b54a, 0x1212deba936b0d2027595405dc94b54a Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: GGSSBC+URWPalladioL-Roma FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 252 FontDescriptor: FontName: GGSSBC+URWPalladioL-Roma Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: WCJBMC+CMSY10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 15 FontDescriptor: FontName: WCJBMC+CMSY10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -29, -960, 1116, 775 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: MPUDFL+PazoMath FontSubset: true FirstChar: 68 LastChar: 68 FontDescriptor: FontName: MPUDFL+PazoMath Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -40, -283, 878, 946 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: MJKCGF+URWPalladioL-Ital FontSubset: true FirstChar: 40 LastChar: 122 FontDescriptor: FontName: MJKCGF+URWPalladioL-Ital Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: GFKJOY+VnURWPalladioL FontSubset: true FirstChar: 160 LastChar: 226 FontDescriptor: FontName: GFKJOY+VnURWPalladioL Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: JHYTSG+CMR10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 61 LastChar: 61 FontDescriptor: FontName: JHYTSG+CMR10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -40, -250, 1009, 750 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: AIQCCL+VnURWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 161 LastChar: 161 FontDescriptor: FontName: AIQCCL+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: YKQSKC+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 3 LastChar: 241 FontDescriptor: FontName: YKQSKC+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: CKBPVA+EURM10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 11 LastChar: 11 FontDescriptor: FontName: CKBPVA+EURM10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -32, -243, 1060, 720 FontFile: true Pages: Page: Sequence: 1 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 51, 293, 152, 302 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 281, 71, 290 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 164, 96, 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 126, 90, 154, 99 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 78, 147, 87 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 756, 177, 792 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 515, 756, 560, 792 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 181, 642, 192, 655 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 285, 642, 296, 655 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 514, 642, 525, 655 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 311, 169, 318, 178 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 396, 144, 403, 153 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 404, 144, 411, 153 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 224, 118, 231, 127 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 232, 119, 238, 127 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 220, 106, 227, 115 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 227, 106, 234, 115 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 211, 93, 218, 102 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 442, 68, 449, 77 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 114, 17, 247, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 403, 17, 560, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 402, 87, 421 Page: Sequence: 2 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 311, 710, 318, 719 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 281, 685, 288, 694 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 305, 660, 317, 669 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 428, 635, 440, 644 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 549, 610, 556, 619 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 511, 585, 523, 594 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 183, 560, 195, 569 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 381, 408, 393, 417 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 207, 395, 214, 404 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 358, 556, 367 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 328, 333, 340, 342 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 463, 245, 470, 254 ActionDest: 120 Page: Sequence: 3 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 191, 723, 203, 732 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 361, 660, 368, 669 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 522, 660, 534, 669 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 471, 597, 483, 606 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 441, 572, 453, 581 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 196, 396, 208, 405 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 192, 384, 204, 393 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 186, 371, 198, 380 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 257, 346, 269, 355 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 281, 208, 293, 217 ActionDest: 123 Page: Sequence: 4 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 262, 710, 274, 719 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 552, 656, 559, 668 ActionDest: 83 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 272, 621, 284, 630 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 322, 609, 329, 618 ActionDest: 120 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 330, 609, 342, 618 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 268, 270, 280, 279 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 346, 245, 358, 254 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 391, 157, 403, 166 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 507, 120, 519, 129 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 334, 95, 346, 104 ActionDest: 123 Page: Sequence: 5 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 347, 698, 359, 707 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 308, 544, 315, 556 ActionDest: 93 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 348, 522, 360, 531 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 420, 522, 432, 531 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 332, 484, 344, 493 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 532, 484, 544, 493 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 313, 434, 325, 443 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 334, 101, 346, 110 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 457, 89, 464, 98 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 217, 73, 223, 85 ActionDest: 99 Page: Sequence: 6 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 228, 710, 240, 719 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 310, 647, 322, 657 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 196, 224, 203, 236 ActionDest: 105 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 498, 214, 510, 224 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 531, 189, 543, 198 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 189, 556, 198 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 277, 177, 289, 186 ActionDest: 127 Page: Sequence: 7 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 209, 431, 216, 443 ActionDest: 105 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 338, 358, 350, 367 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 307, 63, 314, 72 ActionDest: 123 Page: Sequence: 8 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 209, 698, 221, 707 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 221, 698, 233, 707 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 248, 685, 260, 694 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 449, 673, 461, 682 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 489, 647, 496, 657 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 549, 572, 556, 581 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 533, 532, 540, 544 ActionDest: 114 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 478, 497, 490, 506 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 491, 497, 503, 506 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 480, 484, 492, 493 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 483, 298, 495, 307 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 488, 235, 500, 244 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 380, 210, 392, 219 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 202, 110, 214, 119 ActionDest: 123 Page: Sequence: 9 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 388, 698, 400, 707 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 189, 660, 201, 669 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 478, 597, 490, 606 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 491, 597, 503, 606 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 363, 560, 375, 568 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 442, 471, 449, 481 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 476, 421, 488, 430 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 549, 396, 556, 405 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 443, 371, 455, 380 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 281, 308, 293, 317 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 496, 308, 508, 317 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 306, 271, 318, 280 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 296, 245, 308, 255 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 384, 245, 396, 255 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 262, 195, 274, 204 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 532, 183, 544, 192 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 512, 158, 524, 167 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 331, 107, 338, 117 ActionDest: 123 Page: Sequence: 10 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 432, 685, 444, 694 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 208, 597, 220, 606 ActionDest: 127 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 233, 115, 271, 125 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 277, 115, 313, 125 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 168, 92, 205, 102 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 472, 68, 509, 79 Page: Sequence: 11 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 405, 722, 443, 733 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 449, 722, 485, 733 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 279, 699, 316, 710 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 323, 699, 359, 710 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 179, 676, 216, 687 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 211, 641, 248, 652 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 162, 607, 199, 617 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 519, 595, 557, 606 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 561, 96, 571 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 184, 538, 222, 548 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 228, 538, 264, 548 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 447, 503, 484, 514 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 194, 469, 232, 479 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 238, 469, 274, 479 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 378, 445, 415, 456 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 422, 445, 458, 456 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 104, 412, 141, 422 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 295, 389, 333, 399 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 214, 366, 252, 376 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 390, 342, 427, 353 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 501, 319, 538, 330 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 104, 297, 141, 307 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 171, 238, 208, 249 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 451, 215, 488, 226 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 495, 215, 531, 226 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 95, 182, 133, 192 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 139, 182, 175, 192 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 131, 147, 168, 157 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 421, 123, 459, 134 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 519, 100, 557, 111 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 90, 95, 100 Page: Sequence: 12 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 202, 711, 240, 721 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 379, 688, 416, 698 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 422, 688, 458, 698 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 653, 96, 664 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 520, 629, 557, 640 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 308, 595, 346, 606 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 462, 572, 500, 583 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 358, 549, 395, 560 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 511, 526, 549, 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 201, 504, 238, 514 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 388, 480, 426, 491 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 373, 423, 410, 433 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 140, 389, 177, 399 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 294, 365, 332, 376 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 328, 342, 366, 353 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 90, 308, 128, 318 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 134, 308, 170, 318 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 274, 96, 284 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 102, 274, 138, 284 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 286, 238, 323, 249 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 390, 192, 427, 203 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 434, 192, 470, 203 Checksum: afdedbb0 Type: CRC32 Checksum: 93f6eb49892327f58c77cc18d16b5feb Type: MD5 Checksum: c4b84dc1a52f086b21dcf18bab4db96096f4d40c Type: SHA-1 Checksum: 294e1a980c09a94c81768dfef1dad9783a6b24a1cb46eea4e53c756f2c19ffb5 Type: SHA-256