843e4cdce638277f2a690c3b2b5add99 Sus_a2023v15n9p7115.pdf ce5611533ac7d339a5a2e60fa84da5d05162dfd9 Sus_a2023v15n9p7115.pdf d38f346c70342881add3a8279ecf8c3b07279bbc2b0c211a0e5db368d1f6dde5 Sus_a2023v15n9p7115.pdf Title: Assessment of the Water Footprint in Low-Income Urban Neighborhoods from Developing Countries: Case Study Fátima (Gamarra, Colombia) Subject: The increasing pressure on water resources due to population growth and high water consumption, especially in urban areas from tropical developing countries, has led to a rise in water stress. The sustainability analysis of the Total Water Footprint (WFtotal) and the Environmental Sustainability Index (SIblue) are holistic water management tools that allow for establishing pressures over water resources. This study assessed the WFtotal and their components (Blue, Green, and Gray) in the households of a low-income tropical neighborhood in Colombia with sanitation deficiencies. The activities associated with intra-household water use and higher environmental impact were identified, considering socioeconomic conditions and the water quality in the receiving water body, a wetland, through the application of surveys in a sample of households. The results showed that 86.7% of the WF was the WFgreen, followed by the WFgray (13.2%), and finally, the WFblue (0.2%). The high value of the WFgreen was related to food consumption patterns, which varied according to socioeconomic level. Likewise, the SIblue shows that the Baquero wetland presented scarcity scenarios regarding water quality and sedimentation, threatening the environmental service provision from this strategic ecosystem. Finally, tools such as the WFtotal and SIblue help identify strategies that could be implemented to reduce the pressure on the water resources and the water quality degradation in ecosystems relevant to global sustainability as wetlands. Keywords: developing countries; sustainability; water footprint; wastewater; wetlands Author: Brayan Alexis Parra-Orobio, Jonathan Soto-Paz, Anulfo Ramos-Santos, Keiner Fernando Sanjuan-Quintero, Rossember Saldaña-Escorcia, Isabel Cristina Dominguez-Rivera and Antoni Sánchez Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Apr 24 12:02:15 2023 CEST ModDate: Mon Apr 24 12:04:40 2023 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 21 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 3064368 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- LQFWEI+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 OLTQWH+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 MZWTDC+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 QODWNV+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 23 0 AIQCCL+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 IZBVAO+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 46 0 XMYFHA+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 71 0 WABLSD+SFRM1000 Type 1 Custom yes yes no 75 0 DAGGPK+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 87 0 DAGGPL+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 90 0 DAGGPM+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 96 0 DAGHAO+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 99 0 DAGIJG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 102 0 RFLZJB+CMR10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 110 0 PRYRQY+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 120 0 DAGGPK+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 137 0 DAGGPL+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 140 0 DAGGPM+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 146 0 DAGHAO+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 149 0 DAGIJG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 152 0 DAGGPK+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 163 0 DAGGPL+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 166 0 DAGGPM+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 172 0 DAGHAO+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 175 0 DAGIJG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 178 0 DAGGPK+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 195 0 DAGGPL+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 198 0 DAGGPM+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 204 0 DAGHAO+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 207 0 DAGIJG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 210 0 DAGGPK+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 228 0 DAGGPL+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 231 0 DAGGPM+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 237 0 DAGHAO+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 240 0 DAGIJG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 243 0 DAGGPK+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 261 0 DAGGPL+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 264 0 DAGGPM+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 270 0 DAGHAO+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 273 0 DAGIJG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 276 0 OVNEXW+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 289 0 VXEMXL+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes no 296 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-03-08 02:36:50 CET RepresentationInformation: Sus_a2023v15n9p7115.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2024-03-07 14:49:04 CET Size: 3064368 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 534 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Description of the Study Area Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Household Survey Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Water Footprint Estimation Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Activities with Higher WF Demand Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Sustainability Assessment of the Water Footprint Using Indicators Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: subsection.2.6 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Water Footprint Estimation Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Principal Component Analysis of Water Footprints Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Identification of the Activities with the Greatest Demand of Water Footprint and Environmental Sustainability Index Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.4 Item: Title: References Destination: section.A. Info: Title: Assessment of the Water Footprint in Low-Income Urban Neighborhoods from Developing Countries: Case Study Fátima (Gamarra, Colombia) Author: Brayan Alexis Parra-Orobio, Jonathan Soto-Paz, Anulfo Ramos-Santos, Keiner Fernando Sanjuan-Quintero, Rossember Saldaña-Escorcia, Isabel Cristina Dominguez-Rivera and Antoni Sánchez Subject: The increasing pressure on water resources due to population growth and high water consumption, especially in urban areas from tropical developing countries, has led to a rise in water stress. The sustainability analysis of the Total Water Footprint (WFtotal) and the Environmental Sustainability Index (SIblue) are holistic water management tools that allow for establishing pressures over water resources. This study assessed the WFtotal and their components (Blue, Green, and Gray) in the households of a low-income tropical neighborhood in Colombia with sanitation deficiencies. The activities associated with intra-household water use and higher environmental impact were identified, considering socioeconomic conditions and the water quality in the receiving water body, a wetland, through the application of surveys in a sample of households. The results showed that 86.7% of the WF was the WFgreen, followed by the WFgray (13.2%), and finally, the WFblue (0.2%). The high value of the WFgreen was related to food consumption patterns, which varied according to socioeconomic level. Likewise, the SIblue shows that the Baquero wetland presented scarcity scenarios regarding water quality and sedimentation, threatening the environmental service provision from this strategic ecosystem. Finally, tools such as the WFtotal and SIblue help identify strategies that could be implemented to reduce the pressure on the water resources and the water quality degradation in ecosystems relevant to global sustainability as wetlands. 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