Received: 2 November 2022 Revised: 6 March 2023 Accepted: 17 April 2023 DOI: 10.1002/hyp.14887 NOTE Long-term hydrological and biogeochemical datasets from a Mediterranean forest site (Montseny, NE Spain) Anna Avila 1 | Ferran Rodà 1,2 1 CREAF, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain Abstract 2 Department of Animal and Plant Biology and We present here, and make freely available, two long-term datasets on the hydrology Ecology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain and hydrochemistry of two small catchments totally or partially covered by holm oak (Quercus ilex) forests. Data have been collected over four decades of research on the Correspondence Avila Anna, CREAF, Campus Universitat ecology of Mediterranean evergreen forests. The datasets contain data on water fluxes Autònoma de Barcelona, E08193 (Cerdanyola in precipitation and runoff, and on the ion concentrations and fluxes in precipitation, del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain. Email: anna.avila@uab.cat throughfall and streamwater. Among other applications, these data have been used to obtain catchment budgets of water and elements, to document decadal changes in Funding information European comission; Hispano-American atmospheric deposition and streamwater chemistry, to assess the role of Saharo- project; Spanish Government Sahelian dust on forest nutrient cycling, and to model habitat suitability for an endan- gered amphibian under future climates. To encourage their further use by the scientific community, in this paper we summarize the data context and methods, and give a nut- shell of obtained results. We provide the links to these datasets on the Zenodo platform. KEYWORDS atmospheric deposition, forest ecosystem functioning, holm oak, La Castanya, long-term trends, Mediterranean catchment, Montseny, Quercus ilex, streamwater chemistry, terrestrial ecology 1 | I N T RO DU C T I O N A N D A N T E C E D E NT S catchment approach developed at Hubbard Brook, New Hampshire, USA (Likens et al., 1977). This approach, combined with information The chemistry of streamwater draining undisturbed catchments is from element cycling in adjoining plots allowed to characterize for the determined by the biogeochemical processes that occur within the first time in Spain the circulation of water and elements in Mediterra- catchment such as weathering of minerals, ion exchange in soils and nean holm oak forests (Escarré et al., 1984; Rodà et al., 1999). plant uptake, by the climate of the area and by the nature of the Later on, in the mid 1980s, evidence of relevant environmental atmospheric inputs. By analysing the patterns of solute variation and changes in atmospheric deposition and climate warming prompted input–output budgets of elements, inferences can be made regarding interest in developing a long-term record at this site. Long-term data the hydrological and ecological processes occurring at the scale of the series are needed to understand the magnitude and direction of envi- small basin. With this in mind, hydrological and biogeochemical stud- ronmental changes, since patterns may not be obvious at short-term ies in the Montseny holm oak (Quercus ilex) forests started in 1978 scales. The Montseny catchments (Catalonia, NE Spain) provide one supported by funds from a Hispano-American project, later followed of the longest records for a Mediterranean site and participates in the by a suite of projects from the European Commission and the Spanish International Long term Ecological Research Network (ILTER) estab- and Catalan Governments. The objective was to study the biogeo- lished to address the global response of ecosystems to environmental chemistry of small Mediterranean catchments based in the small changes. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. © 2023 The Authors. Hydrological Processes published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Hydrological Processes. 2023;37:e14887. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/hyp 1 of 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14887 10991085, 2023, 5, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hyp.14887 by Readcube (Labtiva Inc.), Wiley Online Library on [03/10/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License 2 of 8 AVILA and RODÀ F I G U R E 1 Topography and vegetation map of the Torrent de la Mina catchment. TM0 is the main catchment and nested within it are TM9 and TM5. The location of the weirs (V) and meteorological stations (M) is shown. Further research and new hypothesis testing may take advantage the size and water flow of each catchment: 120 at TM0 and 60 at of the collected data series in these long-term study sites. This is the TM9. TM9, located in the lower slopes of TM0, has a steeper relief motivation for the publication of the quality-checked original stream and is totally covered by holm oak (Table 1). In TM0, two distinct and atmospheric deposition chemistry files of well curated small physiographic units can be distinguished: (1) holm-oak and beech for- catchments at Montseny whose links accompany this paper. ests on the steep side slopes, and (2) heathlands and grasslands on the upland rolling plateau (Figure 1). Soils in the steep slopes of TM0 and TM9 are colluvial, stony, well drained, and spatially heteroge- 2 | SITE DESCRIPTION neous due to the rugged topography. Typically, they are shallow with a 0-5-cm organic layer and depths varying between 0.25 and 1.5 m La Castanya valley is 40 km to the NNE of Barcelona and 27 km from (Hereter, 1990; Hereter & Sánchez, 1999; Rodà et al., 1999). They are the Mediterranean coast (41.775 N/2 353 E). Climate is subhumid classified as Entisols (Lithic Xerorthents) or Inceptisols (Typic, Lithic or mesomediterranean: annual precipitation is around 900 mm with a Dystric Xerochrepts; Soil Survey Staff, 1992). Soils at the rolling typical summer drought, but interannual variability is very high. The slopes of the upland plateau of TM0 have a 3-cm deep organic layer bedrock is a metamorphic phyllite, with quartz, chlorite, albite and and a 19-cm deep A horizon. The soil organic carbon content in the muscovite as major minerals. slopes is lower than at the upland plateau (Hereter, 1990). In Torrent de la Mina stream, a major stream draining La Castanya valley, three catchments were instrumented: the main catchment (named TM0), and two small tributaries nested within TM0 (TM9 in 3 | METHODS the lower slopes of TM0 and TM5 in the upland plateau; Figure 1). However, in this data note concerning long-term data, only data from 3.1 | Water fluxes and chemical data TM0 and TM9 will be presented, as TM5 only operated from 1982 to 1985. Hydrological and chemistry data were monitored for different periods A gauging station was built in each stream, consisting of a water at the two catchments: from 1983 to 1997 at TM9, and for a non- stilling pond and a V-notch weir. V-notch angle varied according to continuous record in the period 1990–2018 at TM0. 10991085, 2023, 5, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hyp.14887 by Readcube (Labtiva Inc.), Wiley Online Library on [03/10/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License AVILA and RODÀ 3 of 8 TABLE 1 Site characteristics Area Min. Max. Mean slope of main Prevailing direction Catchment (ha) Altitude (m) Altitude (m) stream ( ) of main stream Vegetation TM9 5.9 710 1036 35 N 100% holm oak TM0 200.4 650 1343 26 NE 52% holm oak 15% beech 30% heathland and grassland 3% rock outcrops TABLE 2 Time periods and instrumentation used for hydrological recording Catchment Period Instrument Recording method  TM9 (60 V notch) 1983–1997 WeatherMeasure limnograph continuous record of water level on paper  TM0 (120 V notch) 1990–2002/2007–2010 OTT limnograph continuous record of water level on paper 2010–2018 Schlumberger diver pressure probe; 15 min data Water level measurements were initially recorded on paper, using WeatherMeasure (TM9) and OTT (TM0) limnographs with float-type devices installed in the respective stilling wells. In 1997, measurements at TM9 were discontinued. After 2010, TM0 was equipped with automatic pressure sensors recording water level at 15 min intervals (Table 2). In each field visit (weekly or biweekly), water stage was manually read from the limnimetric scale (LS) located in each weir; these water stage readings were used to calibrate the relationship between the water level in the weirs and the record of the limnograph or the water level sensor data. Digitalization of the limnograph curves obtained before 2010 was done manually by taking into account representative points of water level variation (Figure 2). After 2010, 15-min water FIGURE 2 Hydrograph decomposition tracking flow variation. levels were downloaded from the diver data logger. Stream flow (q) was determined using rating curves. At TM9 the rating curve was empirically calibrated with discharge measurements obtained with a bucket, resulting in the following equation: Weekly or biweekly grab samples of streamwater were collected q (L/s) = 10^(1.61353 + 1.62225*(Log LS) + 0.45808*(Log LS)^ several meters upstream from the respective stilling ponds in distilled 2), where LS is limnimetric scale in cm. water-cleaned high-density polyethylene 250 mL bottles. More fre- At TM0 we used the theoretical calibration for a 120 V notch quent samples were obtained during storms from 1983 to 1990 at weir taken from Gregory and Walling (1973): TM9, collected with an automatic sampler (Avila et al., 1992). The q (m /s) = 2.47 * LS^2.5, with LS in meters. 3 hydrological and biogeochemical variables which are provided in the Before 2010, drainage values (Di) were obtained by integrating Zenodo datasets are listed in Table 3. stream flow at uneven readings at times t i and ti  1 (Figure 2), which tracked the variation of the hydrographs: 3.2 | Atmospheric deposition data Di ¼ qi  ðti  ti1 Þ þ ½ðqi  qi1 Þ ðti  ti1 Þ=2, Atmospheric deposition was monitored from 1978 through 2019 being qi the instantaneous water flow and qi-1 that for the previ- with some interruptions and small changes in location because ous reading. After 2010, it was obtained by integrating flow at the measurements were undertaken for different research projects. regular 15 min steps (units of water flow were L/s at TM9 and m3/s In the period 1978–1980 bulk deposition (BD) and throughfall at TM0). Annual drainage was obtained by summing the partial read- (TF) were collected near the TM0 weir. In 1983, BD and TF ings up to the year. Using the methodology described above and deposition collectors were located near the TM9 weir owing to our careful calibrations of both water level and water flow, (BD collected from 1983 to 2000, TF from 1995 to 1997), and we estimate that the maximum uncertainty associated to our drainage in 2002 they were moved 700 m to the NE to be included in data may be lower than 10% on average. the Montseny EUSAAR station (European Supersites for 10991085, 2023, 5, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hyp.14887 by Readcube (Labtiva Inc.), Wiley Online Library on [03/10/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License 4 of 8 AVILA and RODÀ T A B L E 3 List of hydrological and biogeochemical variables 3.3 | Analytical methods measured. Conductivity and ion concentrations were measured for atmospheric deposition (bulk deposition, BD or wet deposition, WD), Streamwater and atmospheric deposition samples were taken to the throughfall (TF), and streamwater laboratory the same day of collection. Within 48 h of sampling, pH Variable (units) was measured in unfiltered samples with an Orion pH meter and alka- Limnimetric scale (cm) linity was determined by a conductometric titration (Golterman 3 Stream flow (L/s for TM9, m /s for TM0) et al., 1978). Water aliquots (60 mL) were filtered through a 0.45 μm Water output flux (L m2) pore-size membrane filter and stored frozen for later analysis. Ion Precipitation (L m 2 ) chromatography (Dionex, Sunnyvale, USA) was used for Cl, NO3 Throughfall volume (L m2) and SO42 throughout the study period. Base cations (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+) where analysed by atomic absorption/emission spectroscopy Conductivity (μS cm1) and NH4+ by colorimetry (FIA Tecator) from 1983 to 2002. From pH 2002 on, all ions were analysed by ion chromatography using specific H+ conc (μeq L1) columns for cations (Dionex ACG4) and for anions (Dionex AS4). Data Alk conc (μeq L1) quality was evaluated with (1) synthetic solutions prepared in the lab- Na+ conc (μeq L1) oratory with known ionic concentrations, accepting a 10% deviation K+ conc (μeq L1) of theoretical values, and (2) an ionic ratio (cation sum/anion sum) Ca2+ conc (μeq L1) accepting a 20% variation respect the expected value (= 1.00). More Mg2+ conc (μeq L1) details on sample processing and analysis are described in Avila NO3 conc (μeq L1) (1996), Rodà et al. (1993) and Avila et al. (2020). NH4+ conc (μeq L1) Annual mean concentrations were volume-weighted for all ions, SO4 2 conc (μeq L 1 ) except for H+. Mean H+ required to be derived from acidity/alkalinity Cl conc (μeq L1) mean values, since pH is not a conservative variable when pH values Dust particulate matter (mg m 2 ) in a period alternate from acidic to alkaline values (Liljestrand, 1985), temp_water ( C) as is here the case for precipitation. Annual volume-weighted mean  alkalinity (alk) was transformed to mean pH with the equation: temp_air_max ( C) temp_air_min ( C) pH = log (alk) + 5.2 (units in μeq L1), a relationship derived from the temp_air_current ( C) equilibrium equations of the CO2 - carbonate system (Stumm and Morgan, 2012). temp_air_mean ( C) Some rain events during African-dust intrusions left a visible par- temp_air ( C) ticulate residue on funnel walls. Such samples were filtered, particu- temp_soil_max ( C) late matter (PM) deposition was determined and chemical (ICP-MS temp_soil_min ( C) and ICP-AOE), mineralogical (X-Ray diffraction) analyses were per- temp_soil_current ( C) formed on PM (Avila et al., 1997). Element input or output from the catchment was calculated as Atmospheric Aerosol Research; www.eusaar.net) that runs the the sum of the element inputs or outputs for each sample in the Environmental Geochemistry and Atmospheric Research team period of interest (e.g. month, year). For a given precipitation or from IDAEA-CSIC (Pey et al., 2010). At this location, BD was streamwater sample (Si), ion input or output fluxes were calculated as measured for the period 2002–2019, wet deposition (WD) for the product of its ion concentrations by the water flux corresponding 2002–2007 and 2014–2019 and TF for 2011–2013. Bulk deposi- to Si: tion and throughfall collectors consisted of 19-cm diameter poly- Ion input flux Si = Concentration in bulk deposition Si * Precipita- ethylene funnels connected to polyethylene bottles (10 L for BD; tion Si. 2 L for TF). Wet deposition was sampled with an Anderson Ion output flux Si = Concentration in streamwater Si * Drain- instrument (ESM Andersen, G78-1001). Despite the location age Si. changes, we deem that the atmospheric deposition data series is With Si concentrations in μeq L1 and water fluxes in L m2. robust since deposition instruments stood <1 km distance To calculate outputs, drainage for Si is considered corresponding between the different locations and there were neither inhabited to the period starting at the point midway from Si to the previous houses nor roads (except the track to reach the site) in the sample Si-1 and ending at the point midway from Si to the next sample neighbourhood. In the EUSAAR site, parallel BD and WD sam- Si + 1. This mode of calculation has been found adequate for weekly pling allowed comparison between the two methods: very high or biweekly stream sampling frequencies, as is here the case correlation between them was found for the different ions, BD (Rekolainen et al., 1991; Swistock et al., 1997). The comparison of exceeding WD by around 37% for base cations (Izquierdo & input and output fluxes allowed to calculate element budgets for the Avila, 2012). catchments. 10991085, 2023, 5, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hyp.14887 by Readcube (Labtiva Inc.), Wiley Online Library on [03/10/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License AVILA and RODÀ 5 of 8 3.4 | Streamwater characterization exported as inorganic N in streamwater. However, higher nitrate con- centrations in the stream and N export occurred during the wettest + The Torrent de la Mina streamwaters were well buffered, with Na months (November and March). Moreover, this pattern showed an and Ca2+ co-dominating as main cations and alkalinity as the main increasing trend in time, suggesting the onset of N saturation in the counterpart, both in TM0 and TM9 (Avila et al., 1995, 1999). Mean catchments (Figure 3; Avila et al., 2020). pH was 7.44 and 7.53 for TM0 and TM9 (Avila et al., 1999). Solute variation at TM9 was explained as the mixing of groundwater and deep-soilwater components, contributing 70 and 30% of annual run- 3.5 | Atmospheric deposition characterization off, respectively (Avila et al., 1996; Piñol et al., 1992). The two catch- ments responded rapidly to changes in atmospheric deposition: an Rainwater in Montseny was rarely acidic, since sulfate and nitrate acid alkalinity increase was found associated to declining sulfate deposi- anions in precipitation were largely neutralized by base cations and tion (Avila & Rodà, 2012). This responsiveness may be explained by a ammonium (Rodà et al., 1993). Annual mean pH values ranged from low-residence time of water in these catchments compared to other 4.92 to 7.18 with a median of 6.79. All annual mean pH values below geographical areas (Bernal et al., 2013). Nitrogen was strongly 5.50 only occurred before 1990. retained in the catchments, with only 2% of total N deposition being 4 | M A I N B I O G E O C HE M I C A L RE S U LT S Biogeochemical research at Montseny has shown the responsiveness of forested ecosystems to changes in atmospheric deposition (Avila et al., 2020; Avila & Rodà, 2012; Bernal et al., 2013). Models have been applied to predict the effects of forest management (Neal et al., 1995) and climate change on stream chemistry (Avila et al., 1996). Mineral dust, originated in North Africa (Avila et al., 2007) has been found to be an important contributor of nutri- ents and alkalinity to these forest ecosystems (Avila et al., 1997, 1998). Also, the specific response to nitrogen deposition of streams draining Mediterranean forests, as compared to other forest types, was demonstrated (Templer et al., 2022). Recently, the stream hydro- logical response to climate change scenarios from IPCC and to land  project. The use changes was modelled in the context of LIFE-Trito aim was to predict the vulnerability of the critically endangered Mon- tseny newt (Calotriton arnoldi) to expected habitat changes in future scenarios (Ledesma et al., 2019). In this work, the combination of hydrological modelling, climatology and knowledge of the species ecology provided an example of the use of data gathering and proces- sing to help in the management of an endangered species. Frequent episodes of African dust transport (Avila & Peñuelas, 1999) were important contributors of alkalinity and of dis- solved and particulate elements to this site (Avila et al., 1997, 1998; Castillo et al., 2017). Back trajectory analysis revealed that the main atmospheric transport pathway to Montseny is from the Atlantic Ocean, delivering dilute and circumneutral rainwaters while acid epi- sodes predominated in local and European trajectories (Izquierdo, Avila et al., 2012). Nitrogen deposition was higher with air masses coming from Mediterranean/south-east European provenances (Izquierdo et al., 2014). Significant declining trends of S deposition since the 1980s (Avila & Rodà, 2002) and N deposition (starting in the mid-2000s) have been found (Aguillaume et al., 2016; Avila F I G U R E 3 Temporal variation in: (a) hydrological fluxes, et al., 2020). (b) sulfate: volume-weighted mean annual concentrations in bulk The role of African episodes as contributors of phosphorus depo- deposition (BD) and in TM0 and TM9 streamwater, and (c) nitrate: volume-weighted mean annual concentrations in bulk deposition sition in Montseny and in the near Mediterranean coast was analysed (BD) and TM0 and TM9 streamwater. by Izquierdo, Benítez-Nelson, et al. (2012) and Longo et al. (2014). 10991085, 2023, 5, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hyp.14887 by Readcube (Labtiva Inc.), Wiley Online Library on [03/10/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License 6 of 8 AVILA and RODÀ Because of concern on the negative eutrophying effects of N deposi- n, Colin Neal, Noemi Perez, Josep Piñol, Xavier Mayor, Carme Melcio tion, particular attention was devoted to characterize the N inputs to Roger Prat, Xavier Querol, Angela Ribas, Anselm Rodrigo (PhD), Jordi  mez et al., 2018; Rodà Montseny (Avila et al., 2002; García-Go Serrano, Jaume Terradas and Claret Verdú. We thank Josep Piñol and et al., 2002). Throughfall sampling and leaf washing experiments were Jaume Terradas for helpful comments and support. Jerome Latron undertaken at different times along the recording period to distinguish kindly reviewed and suggested edits on the final version. dry deposition from canopy exchange at the canopy level (Avila Funding was initially provided by the Hispano-American coopera- et al., 2017; Rodrigo et al., 2003). Lately, the role of the leaf micro- tive project num. 0370 on “Nutrient circulation in forested ecosys- biome was assessed using a multiple isotope approach (involving tems studied in small catchments” which was followed by the projects δ15N, δ18O and Δ17O in NO3 in wet deposition and throughfall) and of the (European Commission ENCORE-European Network of Catch- quantification of amoA genes: microbial nitrification contributed but ments Organized for Research on Ecosystems) and DM2E-Aide à la the dominant flux for nitrate in throughfall was atmospheric (Guerrieri géstion de l'espace Mediterranéen en voie de désertification grace à et al., 2020). la modélisation des écoulements et de l'érosion des sols sur des bas- In summary, the Montseny catchments have shown distinctive sins versants répresentatifs. The Spanish Government contributed characteristics compared to more temperate catchments, such as: with the following funds: 2129/83 CAYCIT Project “Balances de (1) the hydrology is strongly controlled by evapotranspiration, which nutrientes en pequeñas cuencas experimentales en el Montseny”; accounts for 2/3 of the incoming precipitation (Piñol et al., 1999), LUCDEME (CSIC - ICONA) Project “Respuestas de pequeñas cuencas (2) nevertheless, there is a quick hydrologic response, as residence  n, experimentacio en ecosistemas mediterráneos. Monitorizacio n y time of water in the TM0 is estimated around 4–5 months (Bernal n”; Proyecto CICYT Project “Vias hidrolo modelizacio gicas, procesos et al., 2013), (3) inorganic N is strongly retained in the system, with  n hidroquímica en cuencas forestales de tamponamiento y modelizacio nitrate being the only inorganic nitrogen form detected in stream  n y escor- mediterráneas”; CICYT (AMB93-0349) Project “Trascolacio waters (detection limit = 0.5 μeq/L) mostly during stormflows; as a  gicas y rentía cortical en bosques mediterráneos: implicaciones hidrolo consequence, 98% of dissolved inorganic deposition is retained in the biogeoquímicas”; CICYT (HID97-0581) Project “Influencia del trans- catchments (Avila et al., 2020). The lack of relationship between inor- lido en la calidad de los recursos hídricos: Uso de trazadores porte so ganic N inputs and outputs in the Montseny catchments contrasts picos e indicadores geoquímicos para determinar áreas radioisoto with the finding that N deposition is a strong driver of stream N  n”; CICYT fuente y procesos generadores de sedimento en suspensio export in temperate catchments (Templer et al., 2022). On the other  n de los procesos (CLI99-0439) Project “Medida, análisis y modelizacio hand, similarly to other catchments worldwide and corresponding to a sfera y la vegetacio de intercambio de gases entre la atmo  n mediterrá- general declining sulfate deposition trend, sulfate concentrations in  n con el clima”; CICYT (REN2001-0659-C03) Project nea. Interaccio Montseny stream waters have decreased, while alkalinity has “Impacto de las intrusiones atmosféricas africanas en la calidad del increased (Avila & Rodà, 2012) providing more alkaline waters in these aire de Canarias y de la Península Ibérica”; MEC (CGL2005-07543/ already well buffered streams, a striking fact for waters draining on sil- n del aerosol atmosférico CLI) Project “Origen, transporte y deposicio icate bedrock. africano en Canarias y la Península Ibérica a partir de su  n aerobiolo caracterizacio  gica y química”; MICINN Project (VI Plan n Científica, Desarrollo e Innovacio Nacional I + D + I, Investigacio n 5 | DATASETS AND AVAILABILITY  gica) CGL2009-13188-C03-01 Efectos de la deposicio Tecnolo  n de nitrogeno en encinares mediterráneos (EDEN); Consolider-Ingenio We provide two datasets of open data for further exploration, synthe- MONTES Project (CSD2008-00040) “Los montes españoles y el cam- ses and hypothesis testing. Files are provided for: (1) stream water bio global: amenazas y oportunidades”. CTP Interreg-Poctefa Project flow and streamwater chemistry, doi:10.5281/zenodo.7228249; and “Red de observatorios de ecosistemas sensibles (lagos y turberas) al (2) atmospheric deposition, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.7228266. They are  Project European cambio climático en el Pirineo (REPLIM)”. LIFE-Trito freely available and no embargo applies to them. Commission (LIFE15 NAT/ES/000757). MICINN Project (VI Plan n Científica, Desarrollo e Innovacio Nacional I + D + I, Investigacio n ACKNOWLEDGEMEN TS  gica) CGL2017-84687-C2-2-R “Impacto del depo Tecnolo  sito de N en In a study covering such a long-time span and broad scope, a multitude zonas vulnerables españolas: tendencias temporales e interacciones a of researchers and field and laboratory technicians have collaborated. nivel de ecosistema y paisaje”. We provide here a list (in alphabetic order; PhD notation besides a name indicates that the person completed a PhD related to this data DATA AVAILABILITY STAT EMEN T series) and we apologize for any involuntary omission: Laura Aguil- The data that support the findings of this study are openly available at laume (PhD), Jordi Bartolomé, Cristina Belillas (PhD), Susana Bernal, https://zenodo.org, reference number 10.5281/zenodo.7228249 Keith Beven, David Bonilla (PhD), Miquel de Cáceres, David Carreras, 10.5281/zenodo.7228266. Sonia Castillo (PhD), Lluís Comas, Antoni Escarré, Helena Estevan, Miguel Escudero (PhD), Lluís Ferrés, Irene Fraile, Carles Gené, Carlos OR CID A. Gracia, Ester Granados, Víctor Granda, Rebeca Izquierdo (PhD), Anna Avila https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4137-0839 10991085, 2023, 5, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hyp.14887 by Readcube (Labtiva Inc.), Wiley Online Library on [03/10/2023]. 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