dd8e4fef35f1695f8664eada5a27e84a FIR_a2023v6p419.pdf f9f5d0734df8848541b7986367cac41f6f466099 FIR_a2023v6p419.pdf f6d08400557cc26c82fa0d5cac0ee2e29665e7588dd2191a5989f15d0c65d41c FIR_a2023v6p419.pdf Title: Optimizing Drone-Based Surface Models for Prescribed Fire Monitoring Subject: Prescribed burning and pyric herbivory play pivotal roles in mitigating wildfire risks, underscoring the imperative of consistent biomass monitoring for assessing fuel load reductions. Drone-derived surface models promise uninterrupted biomass surveillance but require complex photogrammetric processing. In a Mediterranean mountain shrubland burning experiment, we refined a Structure from Motion (SfM) and Multi-View Stereopsis (MVS) workflow to diminish biases in 3D modeling and RGB drone imagery-based surface reconstructions. Given the multitude of SfM-MVS processing alternatives, stringent quality oversight becomes paramount. We executed the following steps: (i) calculated Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) checkpoints to assess SfM sparse cloud optimization during georeferencing; (ii) evaluated elevation accuracy by comparing the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of six surface and thirty terrain clouds against GNSS readings and known box dimensions; and (iii) complemented a dense cloud quality assessment with density metrics. Balancing overall accuracy and density, we selected surface and terrain cloud versions for high-resolution (2 cm pixel size) and accurate (DSM, MAE = 57 mm; DTM, MAE = 48 mm) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) generation. These DEMs, along with exceptional height and volume models (height, MAE = 12 mm; volume, MAE = 909.20 cm3) segmented by reference box true surface area, substantially contribute to burn impact assessment and vegetation monitoring in fire management systems. Keywords: fire management systems; prescribed burning; pyric herbivory; fuel load reductions; drone-derived surface models; RGB drone imagery; photogrammetric processing; 3D vegetation modeling; optimization; quality assessments Author: Christian Mestre-Runge, Marvin Ludwig, Maria Teresa Sebastià, Josefina Plaixats and Agustin Lobo Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Thu Nov 2 12:48:30 2023 CET ModDate: Thu Nov 2 12:51:25 2023 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 30 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 8862534 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- ATVZIO+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 JYMHGJ+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 UWWXWS+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 OWNPHU+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 23 0 WNWTFR+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 GGXDWP+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 47 0 VIWIOF+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 72 0 NAJAAE+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 82 0 NAJAAG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 85 0 NAJABI+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 88 0 NAJAAE+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 104 0 NAJAAG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 107 0 NAJABI+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 110 0 NAJAAE+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 132 0 NAJAAG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 135 0 NAJABI+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 138 0 NAJAAE+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 157 0 NAJAAG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 160 0 NAJABI+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 163 0 WABLSD+SFRM1000 Type 1 Custom yes yes no 189 0 NAJAAE+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 212 0 NAJAAG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 215 0 NAJABI+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 218 0 NAJAAE+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 260 0 NAJAAG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 263 0 NAJABI+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 266 0 WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 302 0 NAJAAE+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 313 0 NAJAAG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 316 0 NAJABI+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 319 0 NAJAAE+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 349 0 NAJAAG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 352 0 NAJABI+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 355 0 NAJAAE+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 381 0 NAJAAG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 384 0 NAJABI+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 387 0 NAJAAE+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 397 0 NAJAAG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 400 0 NAJABI+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 403 0 NAJAAE+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 413 0 NAJAAG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 416 0 NAJABI+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 419 0 NAJAAE+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 467 0 NAJAAG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 470 0 NAJABI+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 473 0 NAJAAE+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 532 0 NAJAAG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 535 0 NAJABI+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 538 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-04-27 02:36:03 CEST RepresentationInformation: FIR_a2023v6p419.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2024-04-26 12:05:03 CEST Size: 8862534 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 864 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Study Area Destination: subsection.2.1 Children: Item: Title: UAV Flight Destination: subsubsection.2.1.1 Item: Title: Reference Objects Destination: subsubsection.2.1.2 Item: Title: GNSS Measurements: Ground Control Points and GNSS Validation Points Destination: subsubsection.2.1.3 Item: Title: SfM-MVS Method Outline Destination: subsection.2.2 Children: Item: Title: Optimized Sparse Cloud in SfM Destination: subsubsection.2.2.1 Item: Title: Dense Point Clouds in MVS Destination: subsubsection.2.2.2 Item: Title: Digital Surface and Terrain Models Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Canopy Height Model: Volume and Height Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Quality Assessment Destination: subsection.2.5 Children: Item: Title: Optimized Sparse Cloud in SfM Destination: subsubsection.2.5.1 Item: Title: Dense Surface Point Cloud in MVS Destination: subsubsection.2.5.2 Item: Title: Dense Terrain Point Clouds Destination: subsubsection.2.5.3 Item: Title: Digital Elevation Models: DSM and DTM Destination: subsubsection.2.5.4 Item: Title: Canopy Height Models: Volume and Height Destination: subsubsection.2.5.5 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Optimized Spare Cloud in SfM Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Dense Surface Point Clouds in MVS Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Dense Terrain Point Clouds Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Digital Surface and Terrain Models Destination: subsection.3.4 Item: Title: Canopy Height Models: Volume and Height Destination: subsection.3.5 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Optimized Sparse Cloud in SfM Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Dense Surface Clouds and DSM Generation Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Vegetation Point Filtering and DTM Generation Destination: subsection.4.3 Item: Title: Height and Volume Estimation from CHM Destination: subsection.4.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: Appendix A Destination: section.A. Item: Title: Appendix B Destination: section.B. Item: Title: References Destination: section.C. Info: Title: Optimizing Drone-Based Surface Models for Prescribed Fire Monitoring Author: Christian Mestre-Runge, Marvin Ludwig, Maria Teresa Sebastià, Josefina Plaixats and Agustin Lobo Subject: Prescribed burning and pyric herbivory play pivotal roles in mitigating wildfire risks, underscoring the imperative of consistent biomass monitoring for assessing fuel load reductions. Drone-derived surface models promise uninterrupted biomass surveillance but require complex photogrammetric processing. In a Mediterranean mountain shrubland burning experiment, we refined a Structure from Motion (SfM) and Multi-View Stereopsis (MVS) workflow to diminish biases in 3D modeling and RGB drone imagery-based surface reconstructions. Given the multitude of SfM-MVS processing alternatives, stringent quality oversight becomes paramount. We executed the following steps: (i) calculated Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) checkpoints to assess SfM sparse cloud optimization during georeferencing; (ii) evaluated elevation accuracy by comparing the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of six surface and thirty terrain clouds against GNSS readings and known box dimensions; and (iii) complemented a dense cloud quality assessment with density metrics. Balancing overall accuracy and density, we selected surface and terrain cloud versions for high-resolution (2 cm pixel size) and accurate (DSM, MAE = 57 mm; DTM, MAE = 48 mm) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) generation. These DEMs, along with exceptional height and volume models (height, MAE = 12 mm; volume, MAE = 909.20 cm3) segmented by reference box true surface area, substantially contribute to burn impact assessment and vegetation monitoring in fire management systems. Keywords: fire management systems; prescribed burning; pyric herbivory; fuel load reductions; drone-derived surface models; RGB drone imagery; photogrammetric processing; 3D vegetation modeling; optimization; quality assessments Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Thu Nov 02 12:48:30 CET 2023 ModDate: Thu Nov 02 12:51:25 CET 2023 ID: 0x4e6e3c1fd93f6d3802daa72114593491, 0x4e6e3c1fd93f6d3802daa72114593491 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: UWWXWS+URWPalladioL-Ital FontSubset: true FirstChar: 45 LastChar: 122 FontDescriptor: FontName: UWWXWS+URWPalladioL-Ital Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: OWNPHU+VnURWPalladioL FontSubset: true FirstChar: 128 LastChar: 254 FontDescriptor: FontName: OWNPHU+VnURWPalladioL Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: VIWIOF+CMSY10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 48 FontDescriptor: FontName: VIWIOF+CMSY10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -29, -960, 1116, 775 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: ATVZIO+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 122 FontDescriptor: FontName: ATVZIO+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: WNWTFR+VnURWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 160 LastChar: 160 FontDescriptor: FontName: WNWTFR+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: WABLSD+SFRM1000 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 180 LastChar: 180 FontDescriptor: FontName: WABLSD+SFRM1000 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -189, -321, 1456, 937 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal FontSubset: true FirstChar: 112 LastChar: 112 FontDescriptor: FontName: WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -300, 1073, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: JYMHGJ+URWPalladioL-Roma FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 252 FontDescriptor: FontName: JYMHGJ+URWPalladioL-Roma Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Pages: Page: Sequence: 1 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 267, 150, 276 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 164, 96, 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 126, 90, 154, 99 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 78, 147, 87 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 756, 100, 792 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 515, 756, 560, 792 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 352, 660, 363, 674 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 447, 660, 458, 674 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 547, 660, 558, 674 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 264, 157, 271, 166 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 273, 156, 280, 166 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 412, 144, 419, 153 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 517, 119, 524, 128 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 93, 17, 225, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 425, 17, 560, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 341, 87, 360 Page: Sequence: 2 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 500, 723, 507, 732 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 311, 673, 318, 682 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 221, 647, 228, 657 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 228, 647, 235, 657 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 235, 622, 241, 631 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 333, 597, 345, 606 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 345, 597, 357, 606 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 233, 572, 245, 581 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 410, 560, 417, 569 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 418, 560, 430, 569 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 433, 560, 444, 569 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 531, 535, 543, 544 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 535, 556, 544 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 425, 484, 437, 493 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 505, 459, 517, 468 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 486, 422, 498, 431 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 411, 397, 423, 406 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 426, 396, 438, 406 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 199, 384, 211, 393 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 211, 384, 223, 393 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 380, 371, 392, 380 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 393, 371, 405, 380 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 486, 371, 498, 380 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 543, 371, 555, 380 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 260, 359, 272, 368 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 387, 359, 399, 368 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 505, 359, 517, 368 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 203, 309, 215, 318 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 329, 258, 341, 267 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 344, 259, 356, 267 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 295, 171, 302, 180 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 303, 170, 310, 180 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 310, 170, 322, 180 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 323, 171, 335, 180 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 335, 170, 347, 180 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 410, 170, 421, 180 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 543, 171, 555, 180 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 425, 158, 437, 167 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 200, 145, 212, 154 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 229, 108, 241, 117 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 372, 108, 384, 117 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 273, 95, 285, 104 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 480, 95, 492, 104 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 235, 83, 247, 92 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 413, 83, 425, 92 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 196, 70, 208, 79 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 209, 70, 221, 79 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 221, 70, 233, 79 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 369, 70, 381, 79 ActionDest: 549 Page: Sequence: 3 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 401, 723, 413, 732 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 416, 723, 428, 732 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 429, 723, 441, 732 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 441, 723, 453, 732 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 454, 723, 466, 732 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 548, 374, 555, 387 ActionDest: 76 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 522, 236, 560, 248 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 165, 223, 251, 235 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 276, 148, 283, 160 ActionDest: 76 Page: Sequence: 4 Page: Sequence: 5 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 534, 654, 560, 666 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 165, 642, 295, 654 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 165, 529, 379, 541 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 186, 494, 198, 503 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 190, 341, 197, 352 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 287, 197, 294, 209 ActionDest: 126 Page: Sequence: 6 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 517, 333, 524, 345 ActionDest: 126 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 391, 210, 403, 219 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 480, 195, 487, 207 ActionDest: 151 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 357, 185, 369, 194 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 331, 172, 343, 181 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 520, 160, 532, 169 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 353, 110, 365, 119 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 536, 94, 557, 106 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 327, 59, 339, 69 ActionDest: 549 Page: Sequence: 7 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 245, 231, 256, 240 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 367, 160, 379, 169 ActionDest: 552 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 254, 135, 266, 144 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 347, 94, 559, 106 Page: Sequence: 8 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 500, 683, 509, 695 ActionDest: 526 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 432, 673, 444, 682 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 507, 660, 519, 669 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 430, 622, 442, 631 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 210, 447, 222, 456 ActionDest: 552 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 350, 447, 362, 456 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 463, 447, 475, 456 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 202, 434, 214, 443 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 458, 371, 470, 380 ActionDest: 552 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 200, 117, 222, 129 ActionDest: 123 Page: Sequence: 9 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 387, 710, 399, 719 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 419, 232, 431, 241 ActionDest: 549 Page: Sequence: 10 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 243, 409, 255, 418 ActionDest: 552 Page: Sequence: 11 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 536, 465, 558, 477 ActionDest: 123 Page: Sequence: 12 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 288, 692, 310, 704 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 229, 415, 236, 427 ActionDest: 201 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 390, 71, 397, 83 ActionDest: 201 Page: Sequence: 13 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 429, 683, 436, 695 ActionDest: 204 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 246, 147, 253, 159 ActionDest: 204 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 368, 122, 375, 134 ActionDest: 204 Page: Sequence: 14 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 190, 622, 197, 632 ActionDest: 247 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 454, 430, 461, 442 ActionDest: 250 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 285, 330, 292, 342 ActionDest: 250 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 506, 330, 513, 342 ActionDest: 250 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 264, 167, 271, 179 ActionDest: 299 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 191, 129, 198, 141 ActionDest: 299 Page: Sequence: 15 Page: Sequence: 16 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 253, 367, 260, 379 ActionDest: 299 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 356, 367, 363, 379 ActionDest: 299 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 296, 305, 303, 317 ActionDest: 299 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 536, 280, 543, 292 ActionDest: 299 Page: Sequence: 17 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 445, 692, 467, 704 ActionDest: 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 490, 504, 497, 516 ActionDest: 339 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 396, 164, 403, 178 ActionDest: 339 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 423, 164, 430, 178 ActionDest: 375 Page: Sequence: 18 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 196, 165, 203, 177 ActionDest: 375 Page: Sequence: 19 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 503, 683, 510, 696 ActionDest: 391 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 318, 441, 330, 453 ActionDest: 391 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 199, 417, 221, 428 ActionDest: 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 289, 76, 301, 88 ActionDest: 407 Page: Sequence: 20 Page: Sequence: 21 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 274, 683, 286, 695 ActionDest: 423 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 317, 632, 329, 644 ActionDest: 423 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 322, 300, 329, 314 ActionDest: 423 Page: Sequence: 22 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 379, 708, 386, 720 ActionDest: 151 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 366, 572, 378, 581 ActionDest: 552 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 483, 459, 495, 468 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 495, 459, 507, 468 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 508, 459, 520, 468 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 478, 384, 490, 393 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 403, 296, 415, 305 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 477, 183, 488, 192 ActionDest: 552 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 358, 168, 365, 180 ActionDest: 204 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 492, 105, 499, 117 ActionDest: 204 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 479, 82, 491, 91 ActionDest: 549 Page: Sequence: 23 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 275, 584, 287, 594 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 258, 534, 270, 543 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 246, 419, 253, 431 ActionDest: 250 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 218, 334, 230, 342 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 230, 333, 242, 342 ActionDest: 552 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 352, 296, 364, 305 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 219, 183, 231, 192 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 274, 183, 286, 192 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 368, 183, 380, 192 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 231, 95, 243, 104 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 243, 95, 255, 104 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 256, 95, 268, 104 ActionDest: 552 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 268, 95, 280, 104 ActionDest: 552 Page: Sequence: 24 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 208, 733, 215, 745 ActionDest: 339 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 207, 610, 219, 619 ActionDest: 552 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 513, 434, 525, 443 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 231, 359, 243, 368 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 243, 359, 255, 368 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 346, 556, 355 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 450, 334, 462, 343 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 456, 321, 468, 330 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 220, 296, 232, 305 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 212, 258, 224, 267 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 407, 258, 419, 267 ActionDest: 552 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 427, 233, 438, 242 ActionDest: 552 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 238, 183, 250, 192 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 250, 183, 262, 192 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 447, 117, 454, 129 ActionDest: 151 Page: Sequence: 25 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 225, 683, 232, 695 ActionDest: 423 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 284, 683, 296, 695 ActionDest: 423 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 312, 657, 323, 669 ActionDest: 391 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 282, 582, 290, 594 ActionDest: 526 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 326, 582, 341, 594 ActionDest: 526 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 230, 522, 242, 531 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 243, 522, 254, 531 ActionDest: 552 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 197, 459, 204, 468 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 194, 434, 206, 443 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 218, 409, 230, 418 ActionDest: 552 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 420, 384, 432, 393 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 293, 334, 300, 343 ActionDest: 546 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 300, 334, 312, 343 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 313, 334, 325, 343 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 325, 334, 337, 343 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 338, 334, 350, 343 ActionDest: 552 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 236, 321, 248, 330 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 285, 293, 297, 305 ActionDest: 391 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 308, 268, 320, 280 ActionDest: 407 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 430, 233, 442, 242 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 443, 233, 455, 242 ActionDest: 552 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 455, 233, 467, 242 ActionDest: 552 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 218, 133, 230, 142 ActionDest: 549 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 230, 133, 242, 142 ActionDest: 552 Page: Sequence: 26 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 536, 357, 560, 368 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 165, 345, 368, 356 Page: Sequence: 27 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 268, 707, 280, 716 ActionDest: 552 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 235, 602, 250, 614 ActionDest: 526 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 341, 589, 356, 601 ActionDest: 526 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 468, 552, 483, 564 ActionDest: 526 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 499, 451, 513, 463 ActionDest: 526 Page: Sequence: 28 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 222, 707, 260, 718 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 390, 684, 428, 695 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 498, 661, 535, 672 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 627, 96, 638 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 466, 603, 504, 614 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 306, 580, 343, 591 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 217, 557, 255, 568 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 82, 524, 119, 534 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 331, 500, 368, 511 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 251, 477, 289, 488 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 257, 455, 294, 465 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 520, 431, 557, 442 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 471, 408, 509, 419 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 374, 96, 384 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 378, 350, 416, 361 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 360, 316, 398, 327 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 321, 293, 359, 304 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 260, 270, 297, 281 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 236, 96, 246 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 467, 212, 505, 223 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 190, 96, 200 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 437, 178, 474, 189 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 536, 166, 560, 177 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 56, 155, 282, 166 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 392, 155, 429, 166 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 436, 155, 472, 166 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 346, 132, 384, 143 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 520, 120, 557, 131 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 98, 96, 108 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 359, 74, 397, 85 Page: Sequence: 29 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 520, 722, 557, 733 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 299, 688, 336, 698 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 104, 665, 141, 675 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 363, 641, 400, 652 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 418, 618, 456, 629 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 508, 595, 545, 606 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 264, 573, 301, 583 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 174, 537, 211, 548 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 131, 504, 168, 514 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 520, 480, 557, 491 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 260, 457, 298, 468 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 405, 434, 442, 445 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 261, 411, 299, 422 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 448, 388, 485, 399 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 354, 96, 364 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 360, 330, 397, 341 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 472, 307, 510, 318 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 274, 96, 284 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 362, 250, 399, 261 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 304, 227, 342, 238 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 466, 204, 503, 215 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 170, 96, 180 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 95, 136, 132, 146 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 256, 112, 294, 123 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 317, 90, 354, 100 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 520, 77, 557, 88 Page: Sequence: 30 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 330, 722, 367, 733 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 447, 676, 485, 687 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 336, 652, 374, 664 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 149, 618, 186, 629 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 229, 584, 266, 594 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 232, 561, 270, 571 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 454, 537, 491, 548 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 383, 514, 421, 525 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 283, 491, 321, 502 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 195, 468, 232, 479 Checksum: 95a4e475 Type: CRC32 Checksum: dd8e4fef35f1695f8664eada5a27e84a Type: MD5 Checksum: f9f5d0734df8848541b7986367cac41f6f466099 Type: SHA-1 Checksum: f6d08400557cc26c82fa0d5cac0ee2e29665e7588dd2191a5989f15d0c65d41c Type: SHA-256