5c21d566d6b37beb831596c249393079 nutrients-15-02994-v2.pdf 2f3e5c2fb39969b73ae8477aa27588ab53affea2 nutrients-15-02994-v2.pdf 3839b0df518f6fb97c348cd239865b51c53ae8a4a5cacfda41e4801d14b2957d nutrients-15-02994-v2.pdf Title: Binge-Eating Precursors in Children and Adolescents: Neurodevelopment, and the Potential Contribution of Ultra-Processed Foods Subject: Binge-eating disorder (BED) is a highly prevalent disorder. Subthreshold BED conditions (sBED) are even more frequent in youth, but their significance regarding BED etiology and long-term prognosis is unclear. A better understanding of brain findings associated with BED and sBED, in the context of critical periods for neurodevelopment, is relevant to answer such questions. The present narrative review starts from the knowledge of the development of emotional self-regulation in youth, and the brain circuits supporting emotion-regulation and eating behaviour. Next, neuroimaging studies with sBED and BED samples will be reviewed, and their brain-circuitry overlap will be examined. Deficits in inhibition control systems are observed to precede, and hyperactivity of reward regions to characterize, sBED, with overlapping findings in BED. The imbalance between reward/inhibition systems, and the implication of interoception/homeostatic processing brain systems should be further examined. Recent knowledge of the potential impact that the high consumption of ultra-processed foods in paediatric samples may have on these sBED/BED-associated brain systems is then discussed. There is a need to identify, early on, those sBED individuals at risk of developing BED at neurodevelopmental stages when there is a great possibility of prevention. However, more neuroimaging studies with sBED/BED pediatric samples are needed. Keywords: binge eating; emotional eating; ultra-processed food; reward; inhibition; MRI; children; adolescents Author: Esther Via and Oren Contreras-Rodríguez Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Jul 3 03:31:04 2023 CEST ModDate: Mon Jul 3 06:39:16 2023 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 20 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 788974 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- WLENKM+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 GKYVXB+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 KTKHMV+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 OUNDGV+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 DSNNHV+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 HGMNRX+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 46 0 CXQJLU+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 99 0 EISQNQ+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 107 0 KJRFTE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 111 0 MUTRVA+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 115 0 CRUZTT+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes no 128 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-05-17 02:36:36 CEST RepresentationInformation: nutrients-15-02994-v2.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2024-05-16 10:35:27 CEST Size: 788974 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 715 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Eating Brain Circuitry Destination: section.2 Item: Title: Neurodevelopment of Emotional Self-Regulation Destination: section.3 Item: Title: sBED-Related Brain Vulnerability Markers and BED Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Response and Behavioral Inhibition Deficits Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Reward-Based Deficits Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Beyond Inhibition and Reward Destination: subsection.4.3 Item: Title: Relevant Considerations Destination: subsection.4.4 Item: Title: Ultra-Processed Food and Drinks and BED? Destination: section.5 Item: Title: Conclusions: Future Destination: section.6 Item: Title: References Destination: section.7 Info: Title: Binge-Eating Precursors in Children and Adolescents: Neurodevelopment, and the Potential Contribution of Ultra-Processed Foods Author: Esther Via and Oren Contreras-Rodríguez Subject: Binge-eating disorder (BED) is a highly prevalent disorder. Subthreshold BED conditions (sBED) are even more frequent in youth, but their significance regarding BED etiology and long-term prognosis is unclear. A better understanding of brain findings associated with BED and sBED, in the context of critical periods for neurodevelopment, is relevant to answer such questions. The present narrative review starts from the knowledge of the development of emotional self-regulation in youth, and the brain circuits supporting emotion-regulation and eating behaviour. Next, neuroimaging studies with sBED and BED samples will be reviewed, and their brain-circuitry overlap will be examined. Deficits in inhibition control systems are observed to precede, and hyperactivity of reward regions to characterize, sBED, with overlapping findings in BED. The imbalance between reward/inhibition systems, and the implication of interoception/homeostatic processing brain systems should be further examined. Recent knowledge of the potential impact that the high consumption of ultra-processed foods in paediatric samples may have on these sBED/BED-associated brain systems is then discussed. There is a need to identify, early on, those sBED individuals at risk of developing BED at neurodevelopmental stages when there is a great possibility of prevention. However, more neuroimaging studies with sBED/BED pediatric samples are needed. 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