dfd02bf655680a12fb3ee8668110e790 Met_a2023v13n1p106iENG.pdf d2a447a114d91f2007a2f54edd407ce256da71e2 Met_a2023v13n1p106iENG.pdf 97e16c8a78227c03769ed537c14684fae12a3e8857e0209e504abc2f9114bc29 Met_a2023v13n1p106iENG.pdf Title: Different Types of Glucocorticoids to Evaluate Stress and Welfare in Animals and Humans: General Concepts and Examples of Combined Use Subject: The main glucocorticoids involved in the stress response are cortisol and cortisone in most mammals and corticosterone in birds and rodents. Therefore, these analytes are currently the biomarkers more frequently used to evaluate the physiological response to a stressful situation. In addition, “total glucocorticoids”, which refers to the quantification of various glucocorticoids by immunoassays showing cross-reactivity with different types of glucocorticoids or related metabolites, can be measured. In this review, we describe the characteristics of the main glucocorticoids used to assess stress, as well as the main techniques and samples used for their quantification. In addition, we analyse the studies where at least two of the main glucocorticoids were measured in combination. Overall, this review points out the different behaviours of the main glucocorticoids, depending on the animal species and stressful stimuli, and shows the potential advantages that the measurement of at least two different glucocorticoid types can have for evaluating welfare. Keywords: glucocorticoids; cortisol; cortisone; corticosterone; measurement; stress Author: María Botía, Damián Escribano, Silvia Martínez-Subiela, Asta Tvarijonaviciute, Fernando Tecles, Marina López-Arjona and José J. Cerón Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Jan 9 08:58:49 2023 CET ModDate: Mon Jan 9 09:32:28 2023 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 13 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1542683 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- IGZVZR+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 DAPGZI+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 RNCBAV+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 JYPLJJ+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 23 0 ZZPUEX+ArialMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 43 0 TWGUDY+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 46 0 QDCWHF+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 69 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 77 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 81 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 85 0 BCDHEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 89 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 105 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 109 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 113 0 BCDHEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 117 0 ArialMT TrueType WinAnsi no no no 123 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 133 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 137 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 141 0 BCDHEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 145 0 ArialMT TrueType WinAnsi no no no 151 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 161 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 165 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 169 0 BCDHEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 173 0 ArialMT TrueType WinAnsi no no no 179 0 EVVUAF+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 194 0 SOWDAQ+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 207 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-05-24 02:37:42 CEST RepresentationInformation: Met_a2023v13n1p106iENG.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2024-05-23 11:51:36 CEST Size: 1542683 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 525 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: General Characteristics of the Main Glucocorticoids Destination: section.2 Item: Title: Measurement Destination: section.3 Item: Title: Studies Where Cortisol and Cortisone Were Measured in Combination Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Studies on Animals Destination: subsection.4.1 Children: Item: Title: Studies on Pigs Destination: subsubsection.4.1.1 Item: Title: Studies on other Species Destination: subsubsection.4.1.2 Item: Title: Studies on Humans Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Studies Where Cortisol and Corticosterone Were Measured in Combination Destination: section.5 Children: Item: Title: Studies on Animals Destination: subsection.5.1 Children: Item: Title: Studies on Cows Destination: subsubsection.5.1.1 Item: Title: Studies on Birds Destination: subsubsection.5.1.2 Item: Title: Studies on Laboratory Rodents Destination: subsubsection.5.1.3 Item: Title: Studies on Other Species Destination: subsubsection.5.1.4 Item: Title: Studies on Humans Destination: subsection.5.2 Item: Title: Studies Where Total Steroids and Selected Glucocorticoids Were Measured in Combination Destination: section.6 Children: Item: Title: Studies on Cortisol-Dominant Species Destination: subsection.6.1 Item: Title: Studies on Corticosterone-Dominant Species Destination: subsection.6.2 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.7 Item: Title: References Destination: section.7 Info: Title: Different Types of Glucocorticoids to Evaluate Stress and Welfare in Animals and Humans: General Concepts and Examples of Combined Use Author: María Botía, Damián Escribano, Silvia Martínez-Subiela, Asta Tvarijonaviciute, Fernando Tecles, Marina López-Arjona and José J. Cerón Subject: The main glucocorticoids involved in the stress response are cortisol and cortisone in most mammals and corticosterone in birds and rodents. Therefore, these analytes are currently the biomarkers more frequently used to evaluate the physiological response to a stressful situation. In addition, “total glucocorticoids”, which refers to the quantification of various glucocorticoids by immunoassays showing cross-reactivity with different types of glucocorticoids or related metabolites, can be measured. In this review, we describe the characteristics of the main glucocorticoids used to assess stress, as well as the main techniques and samples used for their quantification. In addition, we analyse the studies where at least two of the main glucocorticoids were measured in combination. Overall, this review points out the different behaviours of the main glucocorticoids, depending on the animal species and stressful stimuli, and shows the potential advantages that the measurement of at least two different glucocorticoid types can have for evaluating welfare. 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