1ca711dbcf93d21c24cb2c651d835d7e languages_a2023v8n2art101.pdf 40bfa156d319293283876cde77b5e6d9ff2d857f languages_a2023v8n2art101.pdf 653f69f7b8e699c87bd62227fbd0a99a46f54a62ff6cdd8904766f5aeec71e20 languages_a2023v8n2art101.pdf Title: Age, Experience and Language and Literacy Skills in English-Arabic Speaking Syrian Refugees Subject: Although age of acquisition (AoA) is frequently used when examining the endpoint of second language (L2) learning, it is rarely used to examine the initial phases of L2 acquisition. The present study provided a unique look at the role of AoA in early language and literacy acquisition in the L2 by a priori selecting two groups of Arabic-English speakers based on their ages, 6–8-year-olds (N = 43) and 9–13-year-olds (N = 53). These Syrian refugees were matched on English experience, having immigrated to Canada and having learned English for two years or less. Raw scores on language and literacy measures were compared across groups. The older group had higher scores on all first language (L1) variables. The groups did not differ on most L2 variables except for English word reading. Additionally, L1 and L2 variables were examined in relation to English word and pseudoword reading with different patterns of relations found for the two groups. For the younger group, phonological awareness and vocabulary were related to reading, while for the older group phonological awareness and morphological awareness were key predictors. These finding points to the unique relations among age, age of acquisition, L1 skills, and L2 language and literacy skills. Keywords: reading; Arabic-English; second language Author: Alexandra Gottardo, Redab Al-Janaideh, Johanne Paradis, Adriana Soto-Corominas, Xi Chen and Norah Amin Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Thu Apr 6 06:26:01 2023 CEST ModDate: Thu Apr 6 06:27:48 2023 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 22 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 503154 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- MOMASS+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 JMQEXM+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 LESHMM+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 TVMPZF+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 38 0 AKMVKA+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 74 0 WUFLJI+CMEX10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 88 0 KXEOLC+EURB10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 98 0 ODVHKW+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 102 0 ICRTVP+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 106 0 XDGAQI+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 110 0 CRJHCU+PazoMath-Italic Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 126 0 IUOUHH+PazoMath-BoldItalic Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 134 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-07-03 02:36:28 CEST RepresentationInformation: languages_a2023v8n2art101.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2024-07-02 15:38:33 CEST Size: 503154 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 642 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Children: Item: Title: Bilingualism Destination: subsection.1.1 Item: Title: Role of Experience and Age of Acquisition Destination: subsection.1.2 Item: Title: Relations among L1 and L2 Skills Destination: subsection.1.3 Item: Title: Linguistic Features of the Languages: Similarities and Differences between Arabic and English Destination: subsection.1.4 Item: Title: Special Issues Related to Refugee Status Destination: subsection.1.5 Item: Title: The Present Study Destination: subsection.1.6 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Participants Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Materials Destination: subsection.2.2 Children: Item: Title: Word and Pseudoword Reading Destination: subsubsection.2.2.1 Item: Title: Phonological Awareness Destination: subsubsection.2.2.2 Item: Title: Morphological Awareness Destination: subsubsection.2.2.3 Item: Title: Vocabulary Destination: subsubsection.2.2.4 Item: Title: Nonverbal Reasoning Destination: subsubsection.2.2.5 Item: Title: Procedures Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Comparison of Groups on Measures Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Relationships among Measures by Age Group Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: English and Arabic Variables Related to English Word Reading Destination: subsection.3.3 Children: Item: Title: English Variables Related to English Word Reading Destination: subsubsection.3.3.1 Item: Title: English Variables Related to English Pseudoword Reading Destination: subsubsection.3.3.2 Item: Title: Arabic Variables Uniquely Related to English Word Reading Destination: subsection.3.4 Children: Item: Title: Variables Related to Word Reading in Younger Children Destination: subsubsection.3.4.1 Item: Title: Variables Related to Word Reading in Older Children Destination: subsubsection.3.4.2 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Group Similarities and Differences on Language and Literacy Variables Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Variables Related to English Word Level Reading Destination: subsection.4.2 Children: Item: Title: Similarities in English Variables Related to English Word and Pseudoword Reading Destination: subsubsection.4.2.1 Item: Title: Differences in English Variables Related to English Word and Pseudoword Reading Destination: subsubsection.4.2.2 Item: Title: Arabic Measures Related to English Word Reading Destination: subsubsection.4.2.3 Item: Title: The Role of Morphological Awareness Destination: subsubsection.4.2.4 Item: Title: The Role of Age of Acquisition Destination: subsection.4.3 Item: Title: Implications Destination: subsection.4.4 Item: Title: Limitations Destination: subsection.4.5 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.6 Info: Title: Age, Experience and Language and Literacy Skills in English-Arabic Speaking Syrian Refugees Author: Alexandra Gottardo, Redab Al-Janaideh, Johanne Paradis, Adriana Soto-Corominas, Xi Chen and Norah Amin Subject: Although age of acquisition (AoA) is frequently used when examining the endpoint of second language (L2) learning, it is rarely used to examine the initial phases of L2 acquisition. The present study provided a unique look at the role of AoA in early language and literacy acquisition in the L2 by a priori selecting two groups of Arabic-English speakers based on their ages, 6 8-year-olds (N = 43) and 9 13-year-olds (N = 53). These Syrian refugees were matched on English experience, having immigrated to Canada and having learned English for two years or less. Raw scores on language and literacy measures were compared across groups. The older group had higher scores on all first language (L1) variables. The groups did not differ on most L2 variables except for English word reading. Additionally, L1 and L2 variables were examined in relation to English word and pseudoword reading with different patterns of relations found for the two groups. For the younger group, phonological awareness and vocabulary were related to reading, while for the older group phonological awareness and morphological awareness were key predictors. These finding points to the unique relations among age, age of acquisition, L1 skills, and L2 language and literacy skills. 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