bded7ef6b98c38a3ce0a5ee8dbccf306 environments_a2023m10v106.pdf 79653b47f07d5d573c4d1cc44d54f113abbea42b environments_a2023m10v106.pdf 14ca1b23c90aa20ce9f5c8cbf06f7f3399cf420facbc90d4599a0e3210f59f92 environments_a2023m10v106.pdf Title: Environmental and Social Life Cycle Assessment of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Management in Italy According to EU Directives Subject: The current Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) management system of the European Union to be applied in all member states was introduced in 2002 by the first WEEE directive (2002/96/EC). Since the beginning, the system was intended to improve the management of WEEE and promote circular economy principles in the sector. This study aims at evaluating the environmental and social impacts of the WEEE management system in Italy, with a special focus on collection and recycling in Campania Region (the third more populated Italian Region, Southern Italy). The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is jointly applied with the Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA). All five categories of WEEE (R1 to R5) are considered in the assessment. The LCA results show that the extraction of metals and materials from 1 tonne of WEEE collection and recycling generates much lower environmental impacts than the extraction and refining of an equivalent amount of virgin resources. In particular, the results of the environmental LCA highlight that the treatment of 1 tonne of WEEE collected in the Campania Region provides the opportunity to recover several metals such as Aluminum, Iron, Steel and ferrous materials, Copper, Nickel, Lead, and precious metals (Gold, Silver, and Palladium). According to S-LCA, the collection and recycling of 1 tonne of WEEE provides positive impacts to the investigated sub-categories of recipients (i.e., local community and society), except in some cases where the collection may potentially generate negative impacts, expressed by a lower “safe and healthy living conditions” indicator in the local community sub-category. In particular, much more must be done to support small Municipalities towards better collection procedures and integration within the largest Regional and national WEEE valorization networks. Solutions are suggested to improve the transition of the WEEE management system towards a more just environmental and social circular economy model. Keywords: EU Directives of WEEE management; WEEE recovery versus primary materials extraction; WEEE circular economy; LCA and S-LCA across scales Author: Patrizia Ghisellini, Renato Passaro and Sergio Ulgiati Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Jul 3 09:56:59 2023 CEST ModDate: Mon Jul 3 10:00:46 2023 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 29 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1861032 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- TEIPON+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 TRHKQC+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 TXSZCN+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 BHLLPZ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 37 0 VHGWRN+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 68 0 SDRUBT+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 76 0 QUVSZX+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 80 0 SNQZBT+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 84 0 VHGWRN+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 98 0 SDRUBT+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 106 0 QUVSZX+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 110 0 SNQZBT+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 114 0 VHGWRN+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 129 0 SDRUBT+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 137 0 QUVSZX+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 141 0 SNQZBT+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 145 0 KMBDRD+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 153 0 VHGWRN+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 160 0 SDRUBT+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 168 0 QUVSZX+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 172 0 SNQZBT+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 176 0 LAQFRY+CMBSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 209 0 SDRUBT+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 222 0 QUVSZX+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 226 0 SNQZBT+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes yes 230 0 BLANIB+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 243 0 BLANID+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 246 0 BLANIF+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 249 0 PLOLAK+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 282 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-08-31 02:40:50 CEST RepresentationInformation: environments_a2023m10v106.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2024-08-29 11:09:27 CEST Size: 1861032 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 526 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: The WEEE Management System in Italy Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Life Cycle Assessment Method Destination: subsection.2.2 Children: Item: Title: Goal and Scope Destination: subsubsection.2.2.1 Item: Title: Life-Cycle Inventory Destination: subsubsection.2.2.2 Item: Title: Life Cycle Impact Assessment Destination: subsubsection.2.2.3 Item: Title: Social Life Cycle Assessment Destination: subsection.2.3 Children: Item: Title: Goal and Scope Destination: subsubsection.2.3.1 Item: Title: Social Life Cycle Inventory Destination: subsubsection.2.3.2 Item: Title: Social Life Cycle Impact Assessment Destination: subsubsection.2.3.3 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: WEEE Composition Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Life Cycle Assessment Results Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Social Life Cycle Assessment Results Destination: subsection.3.3 Children: Item: Title: Inventory Analysis and Assessment of Collection Stage Destination: subsubsection.3.3.1 Item: Title: Inventory Analysis and Assessment of Treatment Stage Destination: subsubsection.3.3.2 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: Appendix A Destination: section.A. Item: Title: Appendix B Destination: section.B. Item: Title: References Destination: section.C. Info: Title: Environmental and Social Life Cycle Assessment of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Management in Italy According to EU Directives Author: Patrizia Ghisellini, Renato Passaro and Sergio Ulgiati Subject: The current Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) management system of the European Union to be applied in all member states was introduced in 2002 by the first WEEE directive (2002/96/EC). Since the beginning, the system was intended to improve the management of WEEE and promote circular economy principles in the sector. This study aims at evaluating the environmental and social impacts of the WEEE management system in Italy, with a special focus on collection and recycling in Campania Region (the third more populated Italian Region, Southern Italy). The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is jointly applied with the Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA). All five categories of WEEE (R1 to R5) are considered in the assessment. The LCA results show that the extraction of metals and materials from 1 tonne of WEEE collection and recycling generates much lower environmental impacts than the extraction and refining of an equivalent amount of virgin resources. In particular, the results of the environmental LCA highlight that the treatment of 1 tonne of WEEE collected in the Campania Region provides the opportunity to recover several metals such as Aluminum, Iron, Steel and ferrous materials, Copper, Nickel, Lead, and precious metals (Gold, Silver, and Palladium). According to S-LCA, the collection and recycling of 1 tonne of WEEE provides positive impacts to the investigated sub-categories of recipients (i.e., local community and society), except in some cases where the collection may potentially generate negative impacts, expressed by a lower “safe and healthy living conditions” indicator in the local community sub-category. In particular, much more must be done to support small Municipalities towards better collection procedures and integration within the largest Regional and national WEEE valorization networks. Solutions are suggested to improve the transition of the WEEE management system towards a more just environmental and social circular economy model. 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