86b29cc4500b9c1d2816365d97f78f7a 301734.pdf 4fbcfe8b5a2c2950ba9e9ea33a84d9e6d908b0e0 301734.pdf cf9cdb586d2e82f4c0c1817cc7b026d580a473d59797c6422ab89e4066e0ca56 301734.pdf Title: Post-Pandemic Feeding Patterns and Mediterranean Diet Adherence in Spanish Toddlers Subject: During the last decade, feeding patterns, more specifically those of children, have worsened—affecting dietary habits and Mediterranean diet adherence. Here, we examine the post-pandemic feeding habits of Spanish toddlers. A total of 2465 parents of children aged between 12 and 36 months completed an online 25-item multiple-choice survey asking about dietary habits and Mediterranean diet adherence. Only 34 children (1.38%) had an adequate intake of all of the food groups included in the questionnaire. Adherence worsened as toddlers grew (p < 0.0001). Further, lower compliance was found in children with a higher intake of fast food (p < 0.001), those with siblings (p = 0.0045), and children who were the second or third child (p = 0.0005). The food group with the most commonly reported adequate intake was fish (88% of children), followed by pulses (80%), water (79%), and meat (78%). Cow’s milk was the most commonly consumed dairy product among all age groups analyzed. Half of the children exhibited a low consumption of milk and dairy products. These results showed that a lack of adherence to a balanced diet is common among Spanish toddlers in the post-pandemic period and that greater parent education could improve the nutrition of toddlers. Keywords: toddlers; Mediterranean diet; growing-up milk; balanced diet Author: Ana Isabel Reyes-Domínguez, Javier Bernabeu-Sendra, Cristina Rodríguez-Sinovas, Alicia Santamaria-Orleans, Roser de Castellar-Sanso and Jorge Martinez-Perez Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Apr 24 09:06:50 2023 CEST ModDate: Mon Apr 24 09:09:46 2023 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 14 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 716715 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- SDIDBK+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 CNDOMZ+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 KLHRFR+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 ETWJCY+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 WLENKM+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 HGMNRX+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 46 0 FESTFF+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 71 0 CHNOMD+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 84 0 CHNOMF+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 87 0 CHNOMH+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 90 0 WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 104 0 CKBPVA+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 114 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-11-01 02:51:58 CET RepresentationInformation: 301734.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2024-10-31 11:49:41 CET Size: 716715 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 281 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Participants Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Survey Questionnaire Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Assessment of Adherence to Adequate Intake Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Survey Results Destination: subsection.3.1 Children: Item: Title: Family Profile Destination: subsubsection.3.1.1 Item: Title: History of Breastfeeding and Different Milk Intake Destination: subsubsection.3.1.2 Item: Title: Feeding Patterns and Frequency of Different Food Groups Intakes Destination: subsubsection.3.1.3 Item: Title: Adherence to Correct Dietary Habits and the Mediterranean Diet Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: Appendix A Destination: section.A. Item: Title: References Destination: section.B. Info: Title: Post-Pandemic Feeding Patterns and Mediterranean Diet Adherence in Spanish Toddlers Author: Ana Isabel Reyes-Domínguez, Javier Bernabeu-Sendra, Cristina Rodríguez-Sinovas, Alicia Santamaria-Orleans, Roser de Castellar-Sanso and Jorge Martinez-Perez Subject: During the last decade, feeding patterns, more specifically those of children, have worsened affecting dietary habits and Mediterranean diet adherence. Here, we examine the post-pandemic feeding habits of Spanish toddlers. A total of 2465 parents of children aged between 12 and 36 months completed an online 25-item multiple-choice survey asking about dietary habits and Mediterranean diet adherence. Only 34 children (1.38%) had an adequate intake of all of the food groups included in the questionnaire. Adherence worsened as toddlers grew (p < 0.0001). Further, lower compliance was found in children with a higher intake of fast food (p < 0.001), those with siblings (p = 0.0045), and children who were the second or third child (p = 0.0005). The food group with the most commonly reported adequate intake was fish (88% of children), followed by pulses (80%), water (79%), and meat (78%). Cow’s milk was the most commonly consumed dairy product among all age groups analyzed. Half of the children exhibited a low consumption of milk and dairy products. These results showed that a lack of adherence to a balanced diet is common among Spanish toddlers in the post-pandemic period and that greater parent education could improve the nutrition of toddlers. 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