42ccd108cd588042adb5ff12442386b2 303875.pdf a23b982eaf79a04121b50786dc788d3b33992ac7 303875.pdf 5db601c050b457701a71d2bc33dae421c549dde88bd6b94756adfbcf74df67cb 303875.pdf Title: Why do we keep ignoring sex in kidney disease? Subject: DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad183 Clinical Kidney Journal, 16, 12, 08-08-2023. Abstract: Throughout the history of nephrology, little attention has been paid to the sex and gender differences in kidney disease. This lack of awareness prevents optimal diagnosis and management of kidney disease. In today's world of precision medicine, it is imperative to appreciate the differential factors regarding gender and kidney disease. This editorial summarizes the up-to-date literature regarding sex and gender differences in kidney disease and considers areas where knowledge is incomplete and where further research is needed. We address sex-specific effects on chronic kidney disease epidemiology; risks of dialysis underdosing and medication overdosing in women; unexplained loss of female sex advantage in life expectancy during dialysis, and impact of sex on diagnosis and management of genetic kidney disease. We also aim to highlight the impact of gender on kidney health and raise awareness of disparities that may be faced by women, and transgender and gender-diverse persons when a male-model approach is used by healthcare systems. By understanding the link between sex and kidney disease, kidney specialists can improve the care and outcomes of their patients. In addition, research on this topic can inform the development of targeted prevention and intervention strategies that address the specific needs and risk factors of different populations. Keywords: dialysis, disparity, gender, pharmacokinetics, women Author: Jankowska Magdalena, Soler María José, Stevens Kate I., Torra Roser Creator: OUP Producer: Acrobat Distiller 10.0.0 (Windows) CreationDate: Mon Nov 13 06:36:56 2023 CET ModDate: Mon Nov 13 06:37:29 2023 CET Custom Metadata: yes Metadata Stream: yes Tagged: yes UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 9 Encrypted: no Page size: 612.284 x 790.866 pts Page rot: 0 File size: 698963 bytes Optimized: yes PDF version: 1.3 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- INDIJB+CaeciliaLTStd-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 1796 0 INDJLL+CaeciliaLTStd-Heavy Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 1801 0 INDIIO+CaeciliaLTStd-Italic Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 1804 0 INDIJA+CaeciliaLTStd-Roman Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 1807 0 INDIIP+dummy-space Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 1812 0 INDJPK+RMTMI Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 3 0 INDKFJ+MTSY Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 283 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-12-11 02:55:21 CET RepresentationInformation: 303875.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2024-12-10 11:14:40 CET Size: 698963 Format: PDF Version: 1.3 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf Profile: Linearized PDF, Tagged PDF PDFMetadata: Objects: 1867 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 1 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: false CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: true NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: OneColumn PageMode: UseOutlines Language: English Outlines: Item: Title: INTRODUCTION Destination: section*.2 Item: Title: AWARENESS OF SEX DIFFERENCES IN NEPHROLOGY Destination: section*.4 Item: Title: How do men and women differ? Sex associated differences of the kidney Destination: section*.6 Item: Title: Haemodynamics Destination: section*.8 Item: Title: Sex hormones Destination: section*.10 Item: Title: Chronic kidney disease Destination: section*.12 Item: Title: THE EXTENT OF THE PROBLEM Destination: section*.14 Item: Title: Standard of care Destination: section*.16 Item: Title: Mortality Destination: section*.18 Item: Title: Disparity in kidney replacement therapy Destination: section*.20 Item: Title: Inherited kidney diseases Destination: section*.22 Item: Title: Complications of pregnancy Destination: section*.24 Item: Title: Gender matters Destination: section*.26 Item: Title: WHICH QUESTIONS ARE UNANSWERED AND WHAT SOLUTIONS COULD BE PROPOSED? Destination: section*.28 Item: Title: CONCLUSIONS Destination: section*.30 Item: Title: DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Destination: section*.32 Item: Title: CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT Destination: section*.34 Item: Title: REFERENCES Destination: section*.36 Info: Title: Why do we keep ignoring sex in kidney disease? Author: Jankowska Magdalena, Soler María José, Stevens Kate I., Torra Roser Subject: DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad183 Clinical Kidney Journal, 16, 12, 08-08-2023. Abstract: Throughout the history of nephrology, little attention has been paid to the sex and gender differences in kidney disease. This lack of awareness prevents optimal diagnosis and management of kidney disease. In today's world of precision medicine, it is imperative to appreciate the differential factors regarding gender and kidney disease. This editorial summarizes the up-to-date literature regarding sex and gender differences in kidney disease and considers areas where knowledge is incomplete and where further research is needed. We address sex-specific effects on chronic kidney disease epidemiology; risks of dialysis underdosing and medication overdosing in women; unexplained loss of female sex advantage in life expectancy during dialysis, and impact of sex on diagnosis and management of genetic kidney disease. We also aim to highlight the impact of gender on kidney health and raise awareness of disparities that may be faced by women, and transgender and gender-diverse persons when a male-model approach is used by healthcare systems. By understanding the link between sex and kidney disease, kidney specialists can improve the care and outcomes of their patients. In addition, research on this topic can inform the development of targeted prevention and intervention strategies that address the specific needs and risk factors of different populations. Keywords: dialysis, disparity, gender, pharmacokinetics, women Creator: OUP Producer: Acrobat Distiller 10.0.0 (Windows) CreationDate: Mon Nov 13 07:06:56 CET 2023 ModDate: Mon Nov 13 07:07:29 CET 2023 ID: 0x9936a5a6ab86d0190896fad511f60c16, 0xd3a31e1718dd5d2d89df5430f8f8e83c Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode FilterPipeline: DCTDecode Images: Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 143 ImageHeight: 151 ColorSpace: CMYK BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 549 ImageHeight: 78 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: INDJPK+RMTMI FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 2 FontDescriptor: FontName: INDJPK+RMTMI Flags: Symbolic, Italic FontBBox: 0, -213, 987, 680 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: INDIIP+dummy-space FontSubset: true FirstChar: 32 LastChar: 32 FontDescriptor: FontName: INDIIP+dummy-space Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: 0, 0, 0, 0 FontFile3: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding Font: BaseFont: INDIJB+CaeciliaLTStd-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 132 FontDescriptor: FontName: INDIJB+CaeciliaLTStd-Bold Flags: Serif, Symbolic, ForceBold FontBBox: -166, -273, 1141, 938 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: INDJLL+CaeciliaLTStd-Heavy FontSubset: true FirstChar: 48 LastChar: 89 FontDescriptor: FontName: INDJLL+CaeciliaLTStd-Heavy Flags: Nonsymbolic, ForceBold FontBBox: -170, -277, 1146, 970 FontFile3: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding Font: BaseFont: INDKFJ+MTSY FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 61 FontDescriptor: FontName: INDKFJ+MTSY Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: 0, -954, 1043, 796 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: INDIIO+CaeciliaLTStd-Italic FontSubset: true FirstChar: 40 LastChar: 121 FontDescriptor: FontName: INDIIO+CaeciliaLTStd-Italic Flags: Serif, Nonsymbolic, Italic FontBBox: -166, -270, 1053, 915 FontFile3: true Encoding: WinAnsiEncoding Font: BaseFont: INDIJA+CaeciliaLTStd-Roman FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 252 FontDescriptor: FontName: INDIJA+CaeciliaLTStd-Roman Flags: Serif, Symbolic FontBBox: -167, -270, 1136, 926 FontFile3: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true XMP: 2023-11-13T11:06:56+05:30 2023-11-13T11:07:29+05:30 2023-11-13T11:07:29+05:30 OUP Acrobat Distiller 10.0.0 (Windows) dialysis, disparity, gender, pharmacokinetics, women VoR 10.1093/ckj/sfad183 2048-8513 Clinical Kidney Journal journal 16 10.1093/ckj/sfad183 https://doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfad183 © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the ERA. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com All Rights Reserved application/pdf doi:10.1093/ckj/sfad183 © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the ERA. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com Jankowska Magdalena Soler María José Stevens Kate I. Torra Roser Oxford University Press DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad183 Clinical Kidney Journal, 16, 12, 08-08-2023. Abstract: Throughout the history of nephrology, little attention has been paid to the sex and gender differences in kidney disease. This lack of awareness prevents optimal diagnosis and management of kidney disease. In today's world of precision medicine, it is imperative to appreciate the differential factors regarding gender and kidney disease. This editorial summarizes the up-to-date literature regarding sex and gender differences in kidney disease and considers areas where knowledge is incomplete and where further research is needed. We address sex-specific effects on chronic kidney disease epidemiology; risks of dialysis underdosing and medication overdosing in women; unexplained loss of female sex advantage in life expectancy during dialysis, and impact of sex on diagnosis and management of genetic kidney disease. We also aim to highlight the impact of gender on kidney health and raise awareness of disparities that may be faced by women, and transgender and gender-diverse persons when a male-model approach is used by healthcare systems. By understanding the link between sex and kidney disease, kidney specialists can improve the care and outcomes of their patients. In addition, research on this topic can inform the development of targeted prevention and intervention strategies that address the specific needs and risk factors of different populations. dialysis disparity gender pharmacokinetics women Why do we keep ignoring sex in kidney disease? 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