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Furthermore, neuromelanin accumulation induced an endogenous synucleinopathy mimicking intracellular inclusions typically observed in PD together with a progressive degeneration of neuromelanin-expressing dopaminergic neurons.Moreover, Lewy body-like intracellular inclusions were observed in cortical areas of the frontal lobe receiving dopaminergic innervation, supportin Keywords: tyrosinase; alpha-synuclein; Lewy bodies; marinesco bodies; prion-like spread Author: Julia Chocarro Creator: Servigistics Arbortext Advanced Print Publisher 11.1.4546/W-x64 Producer: PDFlib+PDI 9.0.7p3 (C++/Win64) CreationDate: Thu Nov 30 02:02:28 2023 CET ModDate: Thu Nov 30 17:18:04 2023 CET Custom Metadata: yes Metadata Stream: yes Tagged: yes UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: AcroForm JavaScript: no Pages: 15 Encrypted: no Page size: 612.283 x 790.866 pts Page rot: 0 File size: 1400884 bytes Optimized: yes PDF version: 1.6 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- REVXAU+CaeciliaLTStd-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 1073 0 GVEOCQ+CaeciliaLTStd-Roman Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 1076 0 AQZKAP+TimesNewRomanPSMT CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 1079 0 SQQSTQ+CaeciliaLTStd-Heavy Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 111 0 VLVKNR+CaeciliaLTStd-Italic Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 124 0 HRXYCZ+STIXGeneral-Regular Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 133 0 DMRASH+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 179 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2026-06-20 04:16:22 CEST RepresentationInformation: awad331.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2026-06-19 18:14:02 CEST Size: 1400884 Format: PDF Version: 1.6 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf Profile: Linearized PDF, Tagged PDF PDFMetadata: Objects: 0 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: false CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: true NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: OneColumn PageMode: UseOutlines Language: en Outlines: Item: Title: Neuromelanin accumulation drives endogenous synucleinopathy in non-human primates Children: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: secawad331-s0 Item: Title: Materials and methods Destination: secawad331-s1 Children: Item: Title: Study design Destination: secawad331-s1.1 Item: Title: Experimental animals Destination: secawad331-s1.2 Item: Title: Viral vector production Destination: secawad331-s1.3 Item: Title: Stereotaxic surgery for AAV deliveries Destination: secawad331-s1.4 Item: Title: Neuroimaging studies Destination: secawad331-s1.5 Children: Item: Title: MicroPET scans Destination: secawad331-s1.5.1 Item: Title: MRI scans Destination: secawad331-s1.5.2 Item: Title: Necropsy, tissue processing and data analysis Destination: secawad331-s1.6 Children: Item: Title: Quantification of pigmented SNpc neurons Destination: secawad331-s1.6.1 Item: Title: Quantification of neuromelanin intracellular levels Destination: secawad331-s1.6.2 Item: Title: Assessment of nigrostriatal degeneration Destination: secawad331-s1.6.3 Item: Title: Analysis of neuromelanin intracellular density and neuronal inclusions Destination: secawad331-s1.6.4 Item: Title: Quantification and statistical analysis Destination: secawad331-s1.7 Item: Title: Results Destination: secawad331-s2 Children: Item: Title: Neuroimaging studies Destination: secawad331-s2.1 Item: Title: Neuromelanin accumulation induced by human tyrosinase gene overexpression Destination: secawad331-s2.2 Item: Title: Nigrostriatal neurodegeneration Destination: secawad331-s2.3 Item: Title: Intracellular aggregates Destination: secawad331-s2.4 Item: Title: Anterograde spread of endogenous α-synuclein Destination: secawad331-s2.5 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: secawad331-s3 Children: Item: Title: Technical considerations and limitations of the study Destination: secawad331-s3.1 Item: Title: Available NHP models of synucleinopathy Destination: secawad331-s3.2 Item: Title: Accuracy of the model in mimicking the known neuropathology of human Parkinson’s disease Destination: secawad331-s3.3 Item: Title: Anterograde spread of endogenous α-synuclein Destination: secawad331-s3.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: secawad331-s4 Item: Title: Data availability Destination: secawad331-s5 Item: Title: Acknowledgements Destination: acknow Item: Title: Funding Destination: secawad331-s6 Item: Title: Competing interests Destination: secawad331-s7 Item: Title: Supplementary material Destination: secawad331-s8 Item: Title: References Destination: reflist Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode FilterPipeline: DCTDecode Images: Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 2236 ImageHeight: 254 BitsPerSample: 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true Font: BaseFont: AQZKAP+TimesNewRomanPSMT CIDSystemInfo: Registry: Adobe Registry: Identity Supplement: 0 FontDescriptor: FontName: AQZKAP+TimesNewRomanPSMT Flags: Nonsymbolic FontBBox: -568, -307, 2046, 1040 FontFile2: true XMP: uuid:21181f6f-4246-4a16-ba6c-f5a0dfff6a9f uuid:15E36FCE-5D94-A73E-CF19-54A735780191 True tyrosinase; alpha-synuclein; Lewy bodies; marinesco bodies; prion-like spread PDFlib+PDI 9.0.7p3 (C++/Win64) application/pdf 10.1093/brain/awad331 en Oxford University Press Neuromelanin accumulation drives endogenous synucleinopathy in non-human primates Julia Chocarro Alberto J. Rico Goiaz Ariznabarreta Elvira Roda Adriana Honrubia María Collantes Iván Peñuelas Alfonso Vázquez Ana I. Rodríguez-Pérez José L. Labandeira-García Miquel Vila José L. Lanciego DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad331; Brain, 146, 12, 2023-12-01.; Abstract: Although neuromelanin is a dark pigment characteristic of dopaminergic neurons in the human substantia nigra pars compacta, its potential role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has often been neglected since most commonly used laboratory animals lack neuromelanin. Here we took advantage of adeno-associated viral vectors encoding the human tyrosinase gene for triggering a time-dependent neuromelanin accumulation within substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons in macaques up to similar levels of pigmentation as observed in elderly humans. Furthermore, neuromelanin accumulation induced an endogenous synucleinopathy mimicking intracellular inclusions typically observed in PD together with a progressive degeneration of neuromelanin-expressing dopaminergic neurons.Moreover, Lewy body-like intracellular inclusions were observed in cortical areas of the frontal lobe receiving dopaminergic innervation, supportin © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain. tyrosinase alpha-synuclein Lewy bodies marinesco bodies prion-like spread Journal Brain © The Author(s) 2023. 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