1. Supplementary materials 1.1. Sources of information in different stages of the process Table SM 1. Steps and sources of information of the methodological process Steps Sources and methods 1. Definition of the work • Map of Civil Protection of Catalonia (Generalitat de Catalunya, scenario 2020): collection and synthesis of information for in the RB of Montseny • Base of data fire forest the Service of Prevention of Fires Forest of DARP: collection and synthesis of information for in the MBR • Characterization of ZHR (UT-GRAF; Department of the Interior, 2018; Castellnou et al. , 2009; Costa et al. , 2011; Piqué et al. , 2011): collection and synthesis of information for in the RB of Montseny • Brotons et al. , 2013; Turco et al ., 2018; Castellnou , 2018; Duane and Brotons , 2018: summary of trends expected with the changing climate UT-GRAF expert knowledge : validation 2. Identification and • Montseny Information System (SIMSY): SIG databases of the Public mapping of landscape Use Plan (Montseny Natural Park, n.d.) values • Vulnemap (Bagaria et al ., 2017): selection , integration and analysis of data in GIS • Base of data mapping of properties with Plan Technical of Management and Improved Forest (Center of the Property Forest) • Base of data of assets : data supplied by Gemma Font ( Museum of Ethnology of the Montseny , the Gabella ) • Fonts del Montseny Project: https://goo.gl/Mvg79Y • Meetings with social actors and citizens: Technical participatory for the co-design of the method of assessment (Table SM 2) 3. Prioritization of areas • Meetings with social actors and citizens: Technical participatory to protect for the co-design of the method of prioritization (Table SM 2) • Multi-criteria method: simplified Promethee (adapted from Brans et al. , 1986): prioritization of polygons of containment of fires forest 4. Develop a fire • Castellnou et al., 2013: conceptual basis of the strategic management strategy management of wildfires • INFOCAT Plan (Department of Interior, 2014): Synthesis of types of areas of low load of fuel • ORGEST recommendations (Piqué et al., 2011) • Law 5/2003, 22nd of April, of measures to prevent fires • UT-GRAF expert knowledge: validation • Meetings with social actors and citizens: technical equity to the consensus of the strategy 1.2. Meetings and workshops Table SM 2. Participatory meetings and scale of participation Meeting Place and Participants Issues date 1st Sant Celoni, Representatives of the following Presentation of the meeting 28/11/2018 organizations/institutions: Territorial project; presentation and with services (Department of Agriculture, validations of regional Livestock, Fishing and Food, Catalan methodology; actors Government); Wildfires Prevention presentation of fire Technical Municipal Office (Barcelona regime; identification of provincial Council); Montseny Natural Parc data sources. (Barcelona Provincial Council); Federation of Forest Defence Associations of La Selva; Museum of Natural Sciences of Granollers; Coordinator for the Safeguarding of Montseny. 2nd Sant Celoni, Representatives of the following Validation of changes in meeting 12/12/2018 organizations/institutions: Forest methodology (based on with Ownership Centre (Department of feedbacks in the first regional Agriculture, Livestock, Fishing and Food, meeting); presentation of actors Catalan Government); GRAF (Forest the fire regime and Actions Reinforcement Group, Firefighters containment polygons; body, Catalan Government); Territorial presentation and services (Department of Agriculture, validation of preliminary Livestock, Fishing and Food, Catalan results of landscape Government); Federation of Forest values; identification of Defence Associations of Osona; Federation missing information. of Forest Defence Associations of La Selva. Meetings Tagamanent, Members of Association of Forest Defence, Presentation of the with local 05/02/2019; Firefighters and Forest owners from the project and preliminary actors Arbúcies, locality; Economic actors linked to results; identification of 06/02/2019 agriculture and tourism. zones highly valued and zones to prioritize (those deemed to protect from fire). 3rd Sant Celoni, Representatives of the following Presentation and meeting 27/02/2019 organizations/institutions: Rural Agents validation of multi-criteria with (Department of Agriculture, Livestock, method to prioritize regional Fishing and Food, Catalan Government); containment polygons. actors Territorial Services (Department of Agriculture, Livestock, Fishing and Food, Catalan Government); Territorial services (Department of Territory and Sustainability, Catalan Government); Montseny Natural Park (Barcelona Provincial Council); Federation of Forest Defence Associations of Osona; Association of forest owners of Montseny; Museum of natural sciences of Granollers; La Gabella Ethnologic Museum of Montseny. Meeting Place and Participants Issues date Expositions Figaró, Citizens. Presentation of the 04/06/2019; project and preliminary Viladrau, results; identification of 06/06/2019; zones highly valued de Seva, zones to prioritize (those 13/06/2019 deemed to protect from fire). Final Sant Celoni, Representatives of the following Presentation of results of project 21/06/2019 organizations/institutions: GRAF (Forest landscape values; Meeting Actions Reinforcement Group, Firefighters presentation of body, Catalan Government) and Fire prioritization of stations of the region; Rural Agents containment polygons; (Department of Agriculture, Livestock, presentation and Fishing and Food, Catalan Government); validation of the wildfire Territorial Services (Department of management strategy; Agriculture, Livestock, Fishing and Food, identification of proposals Catalan Government); Territorial services to implement the (Department of Territory and strategy. Sustainability, Catalan Government); Wildfires Prevention Technical Municipal Office (Barcelona Provincial Council); Montseny Natural Park (Barcelona Provincial Council); City councils of Campins, Fogars de Montclús and Sant Pere de Vilamajor; Association of forest owners of Montseny; Museum of natural sciences of Granollers; Coordinator for the Safeguarding of Montseny; Life project Montserrat; Group of athletes of the Congost. 1.3. The applied multi-criteria model The multi-criteria method applied in this study is a simplification of the PROMETHEE method (Brans et al., 1986). The multi-criteria aggregation process starts then with a pairwise comparison of alternatives (i.e. containment polygons). Let’s consider we have a set of n alternatives and m criteria. We start by constructing an outranking matrix 𝐸(𝑁𝑥𝑁) with the result of a pair-wise comparison of alternatives, according to all M criteria. Each element 𝑒𝑖𝑗 of the outranking matrix (i.e. the value of the row 𝑖 and column 𝑗) is calculated by the sum of the weights of criteria that are in preference of alternative 𝑖 when compared to alternative 𝑗, plus the half of the weight of the criteria when alternatives are indifferent. For example, if we assign equal weights to all categories (i.e., criteria in the multi-criteria jargon), we have that each category has a weight of 16.7% (= 100/6). If we compare polygon 1 with polygon 2 under category A, and polygon 1 is more valued than polygon 2, 0.167 winning points are assigned to polygon 1. Thus, successively with each of the categories until obtaining the total winning points of polygon 1 compared to polygon 2 (and vice-versa). After obtaining the outranking matrix, a coefficient was calculated for each polygon by adding the winning points (i.e. rows) and subtracting the losing points (i.e. columns) obtained in the comparison of this polygon with the rest of polygons. Thus, a ranking was constructed according to the coefficient obtained for each polygon, from highest to lowest score. A first comparison was made by assigning equal weights (16.7%) to all categories. To corroborate the soundness of the results, a sensitivity analysis was carried out by changing the weights of the categories (six additional multi-criteria evaluations in which, in each case, 30% was assigned to a category and a 14% in the other categories). This analysis showed that the variation of the weights of the categories had a negligible influence on the prioritization of the polygons. 2. References supplementary material Bagaria, G., Banqué M., Martínez J., Vayreda J., 2017. Vulnemap: Mapa de la vulnerabilitat dels boscos de Catalunya. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Bellaterra. Available online: https://ddd.uab.cat/record/203095 Brans J.P., Vinke Ph., Mareschal B., 1986. How to select and how to rank projects: The Promethee method. 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Available at: https://interior.gencat.cat/web/.content/home/030_arees_dactuacio/protecci o_civil/plans_de_proteccio_civil/plans_de_proteccio_civil_a_catalunya/docum ents/document_pla_infocat.pdf Department de Interior, Generalitat de Catalunya, 2018. Zones homogènies de règim d’incendis forestals. Available online: https:// interior.gencat.cat/ca/arees_dactuacio/bombers/foc-forestal/incendis _forestals/zones-homogenies-de-regim-dincendis-forestals/ Duane, A., & Brotons, L. (2018). Synoptic weather conditions and changing fire regimes in a Mediterranean environment. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 253, 190- 202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.02.014 Generalitat de Catalunya, 2020. Mapa de Protecció Civil de Catalunya (Civil protection5apo ff Catalonia). Available online: https://pcivil.icgc.cat/pcivil/v2/index.html Montseny Natural Park, n.d. Public use plan. Available at: https://parcs.diba.cat/es/web/montseny/pla-d-us-public#a Piqué M., Valor T., Castellnou M., Pagés J., Larrañaga A., Miralles M., Cervera T., 2011. Integració del risc de grans incendis forestals (GIF) en la gestió forestal: Incendis tipus i vulnerabilitat de les estructures forestals al foc de capçades. Center of Forest Ownership. Department of Agriculture, Livestock, Fishing and Food. Generalitat de Catalunya. Available online: http://cpf.gencat.cat/web/.content/or_organismes/or04_centre_propietat_for estal/06- Publicacions/publicacions_tecniques/colleccions/orgest/parametres_i_indicado rs_de_suport_a_la_gfs/orgest_integraci__del_risc_de_gif_en_la_gf/docs/orges t_incendis_cpf_pdf_reduida.pdf Turco, M., Rosa-Cánovas, J.J., Bedia, J., Jerez, S., Montávez, J.P., Llasat, M.C., Provenzale, A., 2018. Exacerbated fires in Mediterranean Europe due to anthropogenic warming projected with non-stationary climate-fire models. 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