d01f8b99cf1a4fa7dc1ec322999ea76c agronomy_13_00671_v2.pdf 9ff045eb499bcb35efcfe9cf92db9d69599e30c9 agronomy_13_00671_v2.pdf 068e72bc081ac32b6a3282defcefb58b79744a581682e81764c672248fe65332 agronomy_13_00671_v2.pdf Title: Winter Greenhouse Tomato Cultivation: Matching Leaf Pruning and Supplementary Lighting for Improved Yield and Precocity Subject: Solar radiation entering a high-wire tomato greenhouse is mostly intercepted by the top of the crop canopy, while the role of lower leaves diminishes with age, turning them into sink organs rather than sources. Accordingly, the defoliation of basal leaves is a widely applied agronomic practice in high-wire greenhouse cultivation management. However, the recent increase in the application of supplemental light emitting diode (LED) lighting for high-density tomato production may affect the role of basal leaves, promoting their source role for fruit development and growth. The present research aims to explore the application of supplementary LED lighting on Solanum lycopersicum cv. Siranzo in the Mediterranean area during the cold season in combination with two regimes of basal defoliation. The defoliation factors consisted of the early removal of the leaves (R) right under the developing truss before the fruit turning stage and a non-removal (NR) during the entire cultivation cycle. The lighting factors consisted of an artificial LED lighting treatment with red and blue diodes for 16 h d-1 (h 8-00) with an intensity of 180 mol s-1 m-2 (RB) and a control cultivated under natural light only (CK). The results demonstrated a great effect of the supplemental LED light, which increased the total yield (+118%), favoring fruit setting (+46%) and faster ripening (+60%) regardless of defoliation regimes, although the increased energy prices hinder the economic viability of the technology. Concerning fruit quality, defoliation significantly reduced the soluble solid content, while it increased the acidity when combined with natural light. Keywords: light emitting diode (LEDs); greenhouse; defoliation; Solanum lycopersicum Author: Elisa Appolloni, Ivan Paucek, Giuseppina Pennisi, Luigi Manfrini, Xavier Gabarrell, Giorgio Gianquinto and Francesco Orsini Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Feb 27 10:30:16 2023 CET ModDate: Mon Feb 27 11:01:46 2023 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 12 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1272891 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- CPCWNO+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 CAMXTK+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 15 0 ZZOFJN+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 FERTIM+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 NMRQDF+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 IFEDSM+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 32 0 VRCDRB+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 50 0 OCUJDN+PazoMath Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 75 0 WETGPF+PazoMath-Italic Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 79 0 MQRDPR+CMEX10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 86 0 EQJVKE+EURB10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 90 0 CZKGAS+CMR10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 94 0 KMWDPB+PazoMath-Bold Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 101 0 JODBPF+PalatinoLinotype,Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 115 0 JODBPG+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 121 0 JODBPH+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 124 0 JODBPI+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 130 0 JODCAJ+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 133 0 JODBPG+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 147 0 JODBPH+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 150 0 JODBPI+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 156 0 JODCAJ+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 159 0 JODBPG+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 177 0 JODBPH+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 180 0 JODBPI+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 186 0 JODCAJ+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 189 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-04-28 02:27:57 CEST RepresentationInformation: agronomy_13_00671_v2.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-04-26 01:34:59 CEST Size: 1272891 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 351 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Children: Item: Title: Plants Growing Conditions and Treatments Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Plant Vegetative, Physiological, and Biochemical Measurements Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Fruit Development and Yield Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Fruit Quality Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Children: Item: Title: Non-Destructive Measurements Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Destructive Measurements Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Biochemical Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Energy Cost Assessment Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Info: Title: Winter Greenhouse Tomato Cultivation: Matching Leaf Pruning and Supplementary Lighting for Improved Yield and Precocity Author: Elisa Appolloni, Ivan Paucek, Giuseppina Pennisi, Luigi Manfrini, Xavier Gabarrell, Giorgio Gianquinto and Francesco Orsini Subject: Solar radiation entering a high-wire tomato greenhouse is mostly intercepted by the top of the crop canopy, while the role of lower leaves diminishes with age, turning them into sink organs rather than sources. Accordingly, the defoliation of basal leaves is a widely applied agronomic practice in high-wire greenhouse cultivation management. However, the recent increase in the application of supplemental light emitting diode (LED) lighting for high-density tomato production may affect the role of basal leaves, promoting their source role for fruit development and growth. The present research aims to explore the application of supplementary LED lighting on Solanum lycopersicum cv. Siranzo in the Mediterranean area during the cold season in combination with two regimes of basal defoliation. The defoliation factors consisted of the early removal of the leaves (R) right under the developing truss before the fruit turning stage and a non-removal (NR) during the entire cultivation cycle. The lighting factors consisted of an artificial LED lighting treatment with red and blue diodes for 16 h d-1 (h 8-00) with an intensity of 180 mol s-1 m-2 (RB) and a control cultivated under natural light only (CK). The results demonstrated a great effect of the supplemental LED light, which increased the total yield (+118%), favoring fruit setting (+46%) and faster ripening (+60%) regardless of defoliation regimes, although the increased energy prices hinder the economic viability of the technology. Concerning fruit quality, defoliation significantly reduced the soluble solid content, while it increased the acidity when combined with natural light. 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