e753aa3a22a6756251285444d188522a pmc_10044652.pdf bb83769d4269c065281feb0b5b54523b18e387be pmc_10044652.pdf 3ea560cbf8029d400fb9508945489e6d074ffb59747f173048a1862921c7ec52 pmc_10044652.pdf Title: Genomic Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in Wildlife Subject: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic multi-host pathogen that threatens both human and animal health. Animals can act as a reservoir of S. aureus for humans, but very little is known about wild animals’ epidemiological role. Therefore, in this study, we performed a genomic characterization of S. aureus isolates from wildlife, hunters, and their auxiliary hunting animals of Eastern Spain. Of 20 different species, 242 wild animals were examined, of which 28.1% were S. aureus carriers. The common genet, the Iberian ibex, and the European hedgehog were the species with the highest S. aureus carriage. We identified 30 different sequence types (STs), including lineages associated with wild animals such as ST49 and ST581, multispecies lineages such as ST130, ST398, and ST425, and lineages commonly isolated from humans, including ST1 and ST5. The hunters and the single positive ferret shared ST5, ST398, or ST425 with wild animals. In wildlife isolates, the highest resistance levels were found for penicillin (32.8%). For virulence factors, 26.2% of them carried superantigens, while 14.8% harbored the immune evasion cluster (IEC), which indicates probable human origin. Our findings suggest that wild animals are a reservoir of clinically relevant genes and lineages that could have the potential to be transmitted to humans. These data support the notion that wildlife surveillance is necessary to better understand the epidemiology of S. aureus as a pathogen that circulates among humans, animals, and the environment. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus; wild animal; whole genome sequencing; MLST; antibiotic resistance; virulence genes; MRSA; reservoir Author: Carmen Martínez-Seijas, Patricia Mascarós, Víctor Lizana, Alba Martí-Marco, Alberto Arnau-Bonachera, Eva Chillida-Martínez, Jesús Cardells, Laura Selva, David Viana and Juan M. Corpa Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Wed Mar 15 11:10:58 2023 CET ModDate: Wed Mar 15 11:48:45 2023 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 17 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 4715173 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- YHNJMP+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 CHIPSA+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 CITZQD+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 DHFSXO+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 ZQKWQO+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 FXKWJE+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 32 0 SZMRXJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 50 0 VORBJF+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 75 0 OLNLMM+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 82 0 IJMNKP+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 105 0 IJMNLB+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 108 0 IJMNMD+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 111 0 IJMNKP+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 159 0 IJMNLB+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 162 0 IJMNMD+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 165 0 GEJNTL+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes no 306 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-05-26 02:27:03 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_10044652.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-05-05 02:20:48 CEST Size: 4715173 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 574 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Children: Item: Title: Sample Collection Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Staphylococcus aureus Isolation and Characterization Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Genome Sequencing and Assembly Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Molecular Typing and Phylogenetic Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Phenotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Children: Item: Title: Animal Sampling and S. aureus Identification Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Sampling Localization Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: MLST Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Antibiotic Resistance Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: Virulence Genes Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@63440df3 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@3aeaafa6 Info: Title: Genomic Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in Wildlife Author: Carmen Martínez-Seijas, Patricia Mascarós, Víctor Lizana, Alba Martí-Marco, Alberto Arnau-Bonachera, Eva Chillida-Martínez, Jesús Cardells, Laura Selva, David Viana and Juan M. Corpa Subject: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic multi-host pathogen that threatens both human and animal health. Animals can act as a reservoir of S. aureus for humans, but very little is known about wild animals’ epidemiological role. Therefore, in this study, we performed a genomic characterization of S. aureus isolates from wildlife, hunters, and their auxiliary hunting animals of Eastern Spain. Of 20 different species, 242 wild animals were examined, of which 28.1% were S. aureus carriers. The common genet, the Iberian ibex, and the European hedgehog were the species with the highest S. aureus carriage. We identified 30 different sequence types (STs), including lineages associated with wild animals such as ST49 and ST581, multispecies lineages such as ST130, ST398, and ST425, and lineages commonly isolated from humans, including ST1 and ST5. The hunters and the single positive ferret shared ST5, ST398, or ST425 with wild animals. In wildlife isolates, the highest resistance levels were found for penicillin (32.8%). For virulence factors, 26.2% of them carried superantigens, while 14.8% harbored the immune evasion cluster (IEC), which indicates probable human origin. Our findings suggest that wild animals are a reservoir of clinically relevant genes and lineages that could have the potential to be transmitted to humans. These data support the notion that wildlife surveillance is necessary to better understand the epidemiology of S. aureus as a pathogen that circulates among humans, animals, and the environment. 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