39c66740dae640d4cd8c07f49468d256 pmc_10044688.pdf 3bfdb7172b908f4822971ca42eb9c294e7c087d6 pmc_10044688.pdf 0addc077ecc1a24b949cae0ad8dc032caa0e67efacb84a5c07076c97de4bbf78 pmc_10044688.pdf Title: A New Integrative and Mobilizable Element Is a Major Contributor to Tetracycline Resistance in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis Subject: Tetracycline resistance in streptococci is mainly due to ribosomal protection mediated by the tet(M) gene that is usually located in the integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) of the Tn916-family. In this study, we analyzed the genes involved in tetracycline resistance and the associated mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) causing invasive disease. SDSE resistant to tetracycline collected from 2012 to 2019 in a single hospital and from 2018 in three other hospitals were analyzed by whole genome sequencing. Out of a total of 84 SDSE isolates, 24 (28.5%) were resistant to tetracycline due to the presence of tet(M) (n = 22), tet(W) (n = 1), or tet(L) plus tet(W) (n = 1). The tet(M) genes were found in the ICEs of the Tn916-family(n = 10) and in a new integrative and mobilizable element (IME; n = 12). Phylogenetic analysis showed a higher genetic diversity among the strains carrying Tn916 than those having the new IME, which were closely related, and all belonged to CC15. In conclusion, tetracycline resistance in SDSE is mostly due to the tet(M) gene associated with ICEs belonging to the Tn916-family and a new IME. This new IME is a major cause of tetracycline resistance in invasive Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis in our settings. Keywords: Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis; tet(M); IME; ICE; mobile genetic elements Author: Guillem López de Egea, Aida González-Díaz, Gérard Guédon, Julie Lao, Dàmaris Berbel, Antonio Casabella, José María Marimón, Emilia Cercenado, Lucía Fernández-Delgado, Hélène Chiapello, Thomas Lacroix, María Ángeles Domínguez, Nathalie Leblond-Bourget and Carmen Ardanuy Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Wed Mar 15 07:37:48 2023 CET ModDate: Wed Mar 15 07:44:35 2023 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 8 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 994738 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- HCRKXL+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 DINFWJ+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 VBIXRG+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 PLWIXW+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 YKDRAN+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 CCUJRL+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 32 0 YYFPCJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 51 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 81 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 85 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 89 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 102 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 106 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 110 0 BCDIEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 114 0 DVCMRV+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 125 0 LWLIVD+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 135 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-01-23 02:31:29 CET RepresentationInformation: pmc_10044688.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-07-27 02:24:55 CEST Size: 994738 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 240 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Results and Discussion Destination: section.2 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.3 Item: Title: References Destination: section.3 Info: Title: A New Integrative and Mobilizable Element Is a Major Contributor to Tetracycline Resistance in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis Author: Guillem López de Egea, Aida González-Díaz, Gérard Guédon, Julie Lao, Dàmaris Berbel, Antonio Casabella, José María Marimón, Emilia Cercenado, Lucía Fernández-Delgado, Hélène Chiapello, Thomas Lacroix, María Ángeles Domínguez, Nathalie Leblond-Bourget and Carmen Ardanuy Subject: Tetracycline resistance in streptococci is mainly due to ribosomal protection mediated by the tet(M) gene that is usually located in the integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) of the Tn916-family. In this study, we analyzed the genes involved in tetracycline resistance and the associated mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) causing invasive disease. SDSE resistant to tetracycline collected from 2012 to 2019 in a single hospital and from 2018 in three other hospitals were analyzed by whole genome sequencing. Out of a total of 84 SDSE isolates, 24 (28.5%) were resistant to tetracycline due to the presence of tet(M) (n = 22), tet(W) (n = 1), or tet(L) plus tet(W) (n = 1). The tet(M) genes were found in the ICEs of the Tn916-family(n = 10) and in a new integrative and mobilizable element (IME; n = 12). Phylogenetic analysis showed a higher genetic diversity among the strains carrying Tn916 than those having the new IME, which were closely related, and all belonged to CC15. In conclusion, tetracycline resistance in SDSE is mostly due to the tet(M) gene associated with ICEs belonging to the Tn916-family and a new IME. This new IME is a major cause of tetracycline resistance in invasive Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis in our settings. 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