d17a18dd675d61d31797dd7fc730798b pmc_10045383.pdf cdb6dc7eb8bcc8de9fb9a3886df796862563b2a1 pmc_10045383.pdf 72f37307c30b62c191839e2f5ea74d5aed551efa339f60586d8621dbaca12144 pmc_10045383.pdf Title: Osteonal Microcracking Pattern: A Potential Vitality Marker in Human Bone Trauma Subject: In forensic anthropology, the differential diagnosis between peri- and postmortem bone fractures is mainly based on macroscopic criteria. In contrast, studies focusing on bone histology are very scarce. In a recent publication, we showed that (perimortem) fractures in fresh human bones exhibit a different osteonal microcracking pattern than (postmortem) damage in dry bones. In the current work, we explored whether this osteonal microcracking pattern is distinctive of the vitality of (perimortem) fresh bone fractures. To this end, we compared the number, length and structural distribution of microcracks in vital humeral fractures from forensic autopsy cases with experimentally reproduced, three point-bending fractures in fresh and dry human humeri. Half of the fresh experimental bones were fractured whilst applying axial compression, i.e., attempting to simulate intra vitam conditions more accurately. The results showed a similar osteonal microcracking pattern between vital fractures and experimental fractures of fresh humeri subjected to axial compression. Interestingly, this pattern was significantly different from the one observed in the experimental fractures of fresh humeri without axial compression and dry humeri. This supports our hypothesis that the osteonal microcracking pattern can potentially be used as a marker for vital perimortem trauma, providing a histomorphometric tool for fracture timing. Keywords: forensic anthropology; bone fractures; blunt force trauma; fracture timing; perimortem trauma; bone histology; bone histomorphometry; microcracking pattern; osteonal microcracks Author: Nathalie Schwab, Ignasi Galtés, Michelle Winter-Buchwalder, Marisa Ortega-Sánchez and Xavier Jordana Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Fri Mar 3 07:19:22 2023 CET ModDate: Fri Mar 3 07:44:57 2023 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 11 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 14424560 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- OISGDT+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 AQQFZN+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 GMXVVC+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 XUJSLN+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 23 0 GIFXFT+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 GLCFZC+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 46 0 VYVZGZ+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 74 0 OVNEXW+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 78 0 CZKGAS+CMR10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 85 0 XQZHNR+PazoMath-Italic Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 89 0 URYLRZ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 93 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 102 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 108 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 114 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 125 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 131 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 137 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 151 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 157 0 FNTSBS+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 163 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-02-02 02:36:03 CET RepresentationInformation: pmc_10045383.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2023-07-31 02:26:20 CEST Size: 14424560 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 333 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Samples Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Fracture Reproduction Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Bone Preparation and Histological Analysis Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.5 Info: Title: Osteonal Microcracking Pattern: A Potential Vitality Marker in Human Bone Trauma Author: Nathalie Schwab, Ignasi Galtés, Michelle Winter-Buchwalder, Marisa Ortega-Sánchez and Xavier Jordana Subject: In forensic anthropology, the differential diagnosis between peri- and postmortem bone fractures is mainly based on macroscopic criteria. In contrast, studies focusing on bone histology are very scarce. In a recent publication, we showed that (perimortem) fractures in fresh human bones exhibit a different osteonal microcracking pattern than (postmortem) damage in dry bones. In the current work, we explored whether this osteonal microcracking pattern is distinctive of the vitality of (perimortem) fresh bone fractures. To this end, we compared the number, length and structural distribution of microcracks in vital humeral fractures from forensic autopsy cases with experimentally reproduced, three point-bending fractures in fresh and dry human humeri. Half of the fresh experimental bones were fractured whilst applying axial compression, i.e., attempting to simulate intra vitam conditions more accurately. The results showed a similar osteonal microcracking pattern between vital fractures and experimental fractures of fresh humeri subjected to axial compression. Interestingly, this pattern was significantly different from the one observed in the experimental fractures of fresh humeri without axial compression and dry humeri. This supports our hypothesis that the osteonal microcracking pattern can potentially be used as a marker for vital perimortem trauma, providing a histomorphometric tool for fracture timing. 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