ffad4c211ec5102456b14b3ef4e44915 pmc_10092961.pdf 77093aa2c2e5ddb4a1a002cb47e506f4c9926077 pmc_10092961.pdf ad8eb7768b22c642e0abb532716aa151901e393a33e33a89a036a8ee427bbaa7 pmc_10092961.pdf Title: Measurement of Calprotectin (S100A8/A9) in the Saliva of Pigs: Validation Data of A Commercially Available Automated Assay and Changes in Sepsis, Inflammation, and Stress Subject: Calprotectin (CALP, S100A8/A9), also named myeloid-related protein 8/14, is a dimer complex of S100A8 and S100A9 that belongs to the S-100 protein family. It is involved in inflammation and has a wide range of proinflammatory functions, such as cytokine production and regulation of leukocyte adhesion, migration, and phagocytosis. In humans, CALP traditionally can be measured in faeces, serum, and saliva as a biomarker of inflammation and sepsis. The objective of this study was to validate an automated assay for CALP measurements in the saliva of pigs, having the advantage of the use of a non-invasive sample that is easy to collect. The assay was precise and accurate. CALP in saliva measured by this assay showed significant changes depending on the hour of the day. It also showed significant increases in the saliva of pigs after the administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and showed a rise, although with increases of lower magnitude, after a stressful stimulus. Further studies should be made to gain knowledge about the possible practical applications of the measurements of CALP in the saliva of pigs as a biomarker to evaluate the animals’ health and welfare. Keywords: S100A8/A9; calprotectin; automated assay; pig; saliva; stress; sepsis Author: María José López-Martínez, Silvia Martínez-Subiela, José Joaquín Cerón, Alba Ortín-Bustillo, Guillermo Ramis, Marina López-Arjona, Silvia Martínez-Miró, Edgar García Manzanilla, Peter David Eckersall, Fernando Tecles, Damián Escribano and Alberto Muñoz-Prieto Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Wed Mar 29 08:21:31 2023 CEST ModDate: Wed Mar 29 08:25:02 2023 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 10 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1324156 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- JYPLJJ+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 HCRKXL+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 TGGILA+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 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yes yes no 155 0 LMGAHP+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 158 0 LMGAIA+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 164 0 LMGAIC+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 167 0 LMGBIO+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 170 0 LMGAHO+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 183 0 LMGAHP+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 186 0 LMGAIA+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 192 0 LMGAIC+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 195 0 LMGBIO+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 198 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-06-08 02:27:46 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_10092961.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-05-30 02:16:13 CEST Size: 1324156 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 326 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Children: Item: Title: Assay Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Evaluation of the Sampling in the Daytime Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Experimental Sepsis and Non-Septic Inflammation Induction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Stress Situation Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Children: Item: Title: Saliva Calprotectin Assay Validations Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Evaluation of the Sampling Time on the Day Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Experimental Sepsis and Non-Septic Inflammation Induction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Stress Situation Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Info: Title: Measurement of Calprotectin (S100A8/A9) in the Saliva of Pigs: Validation Data of A Commercially Available Automated Assay and Changes in Sepsis, Inflammation, and Stress Author: María José López-Martínez, Silvia Martínez-Subiela, José Joaquín Cerón, Alba Ortín-Bustillo, Guillermo Ramis, Marina López-Arjona, Silvia Martínez-Miró, Edgar García Manzanilla, Peter David Eckersall, Fernando Tecles, Damián Escribano and Alberto Muñoz-Prieto Subject: Calprotectin (CALP, S100A8/A9), also named myeloid-related protein 8/14, is a dimer complex of S100A8 and S100A9 that belongs to the S-100 protein family. It is involved in inflammation and has a wide range of proinflammatory functions, such as cytokine production and regulation of leukocyte adhesion, migration, and phagocytosis. In humans, CALP traditionally can be measured in faeces, serum, and saliva as a biomarker of inflammation and sepsis. The objective of this study was to validate an automated assay for CALP measurements in the saliva of pigs, having the advantage of the use of a non-invasive sample that is easy to collect. The assay was precise and accurate. CALP in saliva measured by this assay showed significant changes depending on the hour of the day. It also showed significant increases in the saliva of pigs after the administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and showed a rise, although with increases of lower magnitude, after a stressful stimulus. Further studies should be made to gain knowledge about the possible practical applications of the measurements of CALP in the saliva of pigs as a biomarker to evaluate the animals’ health and welfare. 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