ebd0fd1972061e86f14df140b3d9378d pmc_10093576.pdf 33408591535d884a065f1c69e4fd5e12dbe36aae pmc_10093576.pdf 84d53c1df8462aa743b79003c4f1031ae8f012b8ae4f7e99667c5397155c9ccc pmc_10093576.pdf Title: Longitudinal Behavior of Left-Ventricular Strain in Fetal Growth Restriction Subject: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes resulting from adaptive cardiovascular changes in conditions of placental insufficiency, leading to cardiac deformation and dysfunction, which can be evaluated with 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE). The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether reduced fetal growth is associated with cardiac left-ventricle (LV) dysfunction, using 2D-STE software widely used in postnatal echocardiography. A prospective longitudinal cohort study was performed, and global (GLO) and segmental LV longitudinal strain was measured offline and compared between FGR and appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) fetuses throughout gestation. All cases of FGR fetuses were paired 1:2 to AGA fetuses, and linear mixed model analysis was performed to compare behavior differences between groups throughout pregnancy. Our study shows LV fetal longitudinal strain in FGR and AGA fetuses differed upon diagnosis and behaved differently throughout gestation. FGR fetuses had lower LV strain values, both global and segmental, in comparison to AGA, suggesting subclinical cardiac dysfunction. Our study provides more data regarding fetal cardiac function in cases of placental dysfunction, as well as highlights the potential use of 2D-STE in the follow-up of cardiac function in these fetuses. Keywords: fetal echocardiography; 2D speckle tracking; strain; small for gestational age; fetal growth restriction; aCMQ-QLab Author: Carla Domínguez-Gallardo, Nuria Ginjaume-García, Johana Ullmo, Antonio Fernández-Oliva, Juan Parra, Ana Vázquez, Mónica Cruz-Lemini and Elisa Llurba Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Mar 27 08:18:55 2023 CEST ModDate: Mon Mar 27 08:21:28 2023 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 12 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1066789 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- PRJKGQ+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 WEKOGK+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 THSXSQ+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 IHOZZI+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 EWEDIE+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 BXZUUH+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 46 0 JDUPKS+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 71 0 JLZORU+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 75 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 87 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 91 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 95 0 BCDHEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 99 0 BCDIEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 106 0 BCDJEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 113 0 QLBIEB+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 124 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 136 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 140 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 144 0 BCDIEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 148 0 BCDJEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 155 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-08-11 02:27:46 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_10093576.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-08-01 02:38:03 CEST Size: 1066789 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 364 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Children: Item: Title: Study Population Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Ultrasound Acquisition Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Analysis Protocol Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Children: Item: Title: Basic Characteristics of the Study Population Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Fetal Ultrasound Assessment Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Info: Title: Longitudinal Behavior of Left-Ventricular Strain in Fetal Growth Restriction Author: Carla Domínguez-Gallardo, Nuria Ginjaume-García, Johana Ullmo, Antonio Fernández-Oliva, Juan Parra, Ana Vázquez, Mónica Cruz-Lemini and Elisa Llurba Subject: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes resulting from adaptive cardiovascular changes in conditions of placental insufficiency, leading to cardiac deformation and dysfunction, which can be evaluated with 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE). The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether reduced fetal growth is associated with cardiac left-ventricle (LV) dysfunction, using 2D-STE software widely used in postnatal echocardiography. A prospective longitudinal cohort study was performed, and global (GLO) and segmental LV longitudinal strain was measured offline and compared between FGR and appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) fetuses throughout gestation. All cases of FGR fetuses were paired 1:2 to AGA fetuses, and linear mixed model analysis was performed to compare behavior differences between groups throughout pregnancy. Our study shows LV fetal longitudinal strain in FGR and AGA fetuses differed upon diagnosis and behaved differently throughout gestation. FGR fetuses had lower LV strain values, both global and segmental, in comparison to AGA, suggesting subclinical cardiac dysfunction. Our study provides more data regarding fetal cardiac function in cases of placental dysfunction, as well as highlights the potential use of 2D-STE in the follow-up of cardiac function in these fetuses. 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