77c8903105e641fa6959e524a8ad1438 pmc_10221308.pdf 2caaf88fb6e6ece297ede5b6aa5525240daee565 pmc_10221308.pdf 2318530d86fb2c056c04190b689562ea0cc8719f92d8331f9eac35d3c669b963 pmc_10221308.pdf Title: Current Situation of Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles in Pet Rabbits in Spain Subject: Research on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pet rabbits is very scarce. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the current state of AMR in rabbits attended to in veterinary clinics distributed in Spain. Records of 3596 microbiological results of clinical cases submitted from 2010 to 2021 were analyzed. Staphylococcus spp. (15.8%), Pseudomonas spp. (12.7%), Pasteurella spp. (10%), Bordetella spp. (9.6%) and Streptococcus spp. (6.8%) were the most frequently diagnosed agents. Enterobacteriaceae, principally Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae, accounted for about 18% of the cases and showed the highest proportion of multi-drug resistance (MDR) isolates, with 48%, 57.5% and 36% of MDR, respectively. Regarding the antimicrobial susceptibility testing for a number of antimicrobial categories/families, the largest proportion of isolates showing resistance to a median of five antimicrobial categories was observed in P. aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Burkolderia spp. In contrast, infections caused by Staphylococcus, Streptococcus spp. and Pasteurella multocida were highly sensitive to conventional antimicrobials authorized for veterinary use (categories D and C). The emergence of AMR major nosocomial opportunistic pathogens such as P. aeruginosa, S. maltophilia and K. pneumoniae in pet rabbits can represent a serious public health challenge. Consequently, collaboration between veterinarians and human health professionals is crucial in the fight against antimicrobial resistance, to optimize, rationalize and prudently use antimicrobial therapies in domestic animals and humans. Keywords: pet rabbits; antimicrobial resistance; One Health approach; zoonotic risk; Spain Author: Mercedes Fernández, Biel Garcias, Inma Duran, Rafael A. Molina-López and Laila Darwich Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Sun May 14 12:15:16 2023 CEST ModDate: Sun May 14 12:20:23 2023 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 13 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 2965770 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- KORLVE+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 TJIADR+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 UTSFZJ+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 AMZEMD+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 ENXZUH+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 CTCXDQ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 46 0 PDTLUH+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 71 0 FFLPLL+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 75 0 CAMXTK+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 79 0 CRUZTT+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes no 89 0 HNPGJD+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 99 0 HNPGKD+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 102 0 HNPGKE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 108 0 HNPGKG+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 111 0 HNPJEJ+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 114 0 HNPGJD+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 125 0 HNPGKE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 128 0 HNPGKG+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 131 0 HNPGJD+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 141 0 HNPGKE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 144 0 HNPGKG+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 147 0 HNPGJD+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 157 0 HNPGKD+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 160 0 HNPGKE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 166 0 HNPGKG+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 169 0 HNPJEJ+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 172 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-06-30 02:35:35 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_10221308.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-06-22 02:22:39 CEST Size: 2965770 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 317 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Children: Item: Title: Database Collection and Management Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Microbiological Diagnosis Techniques and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Info: Title: Current Situation of Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles in Pet Rabbits in Spain Author: Mercedes Fernández, Biel Garcias, Inma Duran, Rafael A. Molina-López and Laila Darwich Subject: Research on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pet rabbits is very scarce. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the current state of AMR in rabbits attended to in veterinary clinics distributed in Spain. Records of 3596 microbiological results of clinical cases submitted from 2010 to 2021 were analyzed. Staphylococcus spp. (15.8%), Pseudomonas spp. (12.7%), Pasteurella spp. (10%), Bordetella spp. (9.6%) and Streptococcus spp. (6.8%) were the most frequently diagnosed agents. Enterobacteriaceae, principally Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae, accounted for about 18% of the cases and showed the highest proportion of multi-drug resistance (MDR) isolates, with 48%, 57.5% and 36% of MDR, respectively. Regarding the antimicrobial susceptibility testing for a number of antimicrobial categories/families, the largest proportion of isolates showing resistance to a median of five antimicrobial categories was observed in P. aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Burkolderia spp. In contrast, infections caused by Staphylococcus, Streptococcus spp. and Pasteurella multocida were highly sensitive to conventional antimicrobials authorized for veterinary use (categories D and C). The emergence of AMR major nosocomial opportunistic pathogens such as P. aeruginosa, S. maltophilia and K. pneumoniae in pet rabbits can represent a serious public health challenge. Consequently, collaboration between veterinarians and human health professionals is crucial in the fight against antimicrobial resistance, to optimize, rationalize and prudently use antimicrobial therapies in domestic animals and humans. 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