4ad28f47b1991a1ab18ef9ac8b33dba4 pmc_10294817.pdf f513f296c7c04ff5bad95fd5f621ec4fb81bca23 pmc_10294817.pdf 51de118b1f5d541afd3b8ca7aa5912106c766fc589cfa56dac4f0e95fd66392a pmc_10294817.pdf Title: Zoo Animal Welfare Assessment: Where Do We Stand? Subject: Zoological institutions, such as zoos and aquariums, have made animal welfare a top priority, as it is not only a moral obligation but also crucial for fulfilling their roles in education and conservation. There is a need for science-based tools to assess and monitor animal welfare in these settings. However, assessing the welfare of zoo animals is challenging due to the diversity of species and lack of knowledge on their specific needs. This review aims to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of existing methodologies for assessing zoo animal welfare through: (1) A critical analysis of the main approaches to zoo animal welfare assessment; (2) A description of the most relevant animal-based welfare indicators for zoo animals with a particular focus on behavioural and physiological indicators; and (3) An identification of areas that require further research. Keywords: animal-based indicators; animal behaviour; stress; welfare assessment; welfare indicator; zoo animal welfare Author: Oriol Tallo-Parra, Marina Salas and Xavier Manteca Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Fri Jun 16 08:07:26 2023 CEST ModDate: Fri Jun 16 08:10:21 2023 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 20 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 359177 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- AWHDWW+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 TEBRIF+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 GEPYKC+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 EYBIJW+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 SZMRXJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 42 0 GFAWRG+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 64 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-09-19 02:31:49 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_10294817.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-09-16 02:17:16 CEST Size: 359177 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 496 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Item: Title: Fundamental Principles of Zoo Animal Welfare Assessment Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Main Approaches to Zoo Animal Welfare Assessment Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Children: Item: Title: Species-Specific Protocols Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Generic Protocols and Risk Assessment Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Assessment of Welfare Based on Time Budgets Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Keepers’ Ratings Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Cognitive Bias Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Animal-Based Welfare Indicators for Zoo Animals Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Children: Item: Title: Indicators Related to Abnormal Behaviours Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Children: Item: Title: Abnormal Repetitive Behaviours Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Damaging Behaviours Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Apathy Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: Indicators Related to Changes in the Expression of Normal Behaviours Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Children: Item: Title: Social Behaviours Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Item: Title: Maintenance Behaviours Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@63440df3 Item: Title: Behaviours Related with Exploration and Interaction with the Environment Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@3aeaafa6 Item: Title: Other Behaviours Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@76a3e297 Item: Title: Physiological Indicators of Welfare: Using Physiological, Pathophysiological, Cellular and Biochemical Biomarkers to Assess Welfare Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4d3167f4 Children: Item: Title: Physiological Welfare Indicators: General Advantages and Limitations Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@ed9d034 Item: Title: Physiological Indicators Related to Stress Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@6121c9d6 Item: Title: Other Physiological Indicators of Welfare Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@87f383f Item: Title: Areas Deserving Further Research Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4eb7f003 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@eafc191 Info: Title: Zoo Animal Welfare Assessment: Where Do We Stand? Author: Oriol Tallo-Parra, Marina Salas and Xavier Manteca Subject: Zoological institutions, such as zoos and aquariums, have made animal welfare a top priority, as it is not only a moral obligation but also crucial for fulfilling their roles in education and conservation. There is a need for science-based tools to assess and monitor animal welfare in these settings. However, assessing the welfare of zoo animals is challenging due to the diversity of species and lack of knowledge on their specific needs. This review aims to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of existing methodologies for assessing zoo animal welfare through: (1) A critical analysis of the main approaches to zoo animal welfare assessment; (2) A description of the most relevant animal-based welfare indicators for zoo animals with a particular focus on behavioural and physiological indicators; and (3) An identification of areas that require further research. 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