8482f3bd0e6757db4f34016c5a71b9bd pmc_10302894.pdf 3061b977f3c05b667bfcebe8ad11dfbf927da0ba pmc_10302894.pdf 7c3dec5efb301643db58457619d92dd617f7d18b29a4381529801b39c4df0bb0 pmc_10302894.pdf Title: The Nanotechnology-Based Approaches against Kirsten Rat Sarcoma-Mutated Cancers Subject: Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) is a small GTPase which acts as a molecular switch to regulate several cell biological processes including cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Alterations in KRAS have been found in 25% of all human cancers, with pancreatic cancer (90%), colorectal cancer (45%), and lung cancer (35%) being the types of cancer with the highest mutation rates. KRAS oncogenic mutations are not only responsible for malignant cell transformation and tumor development but also related to poor prognosis, low survival rate, and resistance to chemotherapy. Although different strategies have been developed to specifically target this oncoprotein over the last few decades, almost all of them have failed, relying on the current therapeutic solutions to target proteins involved in the KRAS pathway using chemical or gene therapy. Nanomedicine can certainly bring a solution for the lack of specificity and effectiveness of anti-KRAS therapy. Therefore, nanoparticles of different natures are being developed to improve the therapeutic index of drugs, genetic material, and/or biomolecules and to allow their delivery specifically into the cells of interest. The present work aims to summarize the most recent advances related to the use of nanotechnology for the development of new therapeutic strategies against KRAS-mutated cancers. Keywords: KRAS; KRAS mutation; nanotechnology; nanomedicine; cancer treatment; delivery systems Author: Fernanda Andrade, Júlia German-Cortés, Sara Montero, Pilar Carcavilla, Diego Baranda-Martínez-Abascal, Marc Moltó-Abad, Joaquín Seras-Franzoso, Zamira Vanessa Díaz-Riascos, Diana Rafael and Ibane Abasolo Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Thu Jun 8 12:53:53 2023 CEST ModDate: Thu Jun 8 13:26:02 2023 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 24 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 8657073 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- DIMMOC+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 FRBQJN+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 FLLDHB+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 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Objects: 852 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Actual Therapeutic Strategies against KRAS Destination: section.2 Item: Title: The Importance of Nanotechnology Destination: section.3 Item: Title: Nanotechnology-Based Anti-KRAS Therapies: The State of the Art Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Chemical Therapy Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Biotechnological/Biopharmaceutical Therapy Destination: subsection.4.2 Children: Item: Title: Peptide/Protein-Based Compounds Destination: subsubsection.4.2.1 Item: Title: Gene Therapy Destination: subsubsection.4.2.2 Item: Title: Nanomedicine Challenges Destination: section.5 Item: Title: Conclusions and Future Perspectives Destination: section.6 Item: Title: References Destination: section.7 Info: Title: The Nanotechnology-Based Approaches against Kirsten Rat Sarcoma-Mutated Cancers Author: Fernanda Andrade, Júlia German-Cortés, Sara Montero, Pilar Carcavilla, Diego Baranda-Martínez-Abascal, Marc Moltó-Abad, Joaquín Seras-Franzoso, Zamira Vanessa Díaz-Riascos, Diana Rafael and Ibane Abasolo Subject: Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) is a small GTPase which acts as a molecular switch to regulate several cell biological processes including cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Alterations in KRAS have been found in 25% of all human cancers, with pancreatic cancer (90%), colorectal cancer (45%), and lung cancer (35%) being the types of cancer with the highest mutation rates. KRAS oncogenic mutations are not only responsible for malignant cell transformation and tumor development but also related to poor prognosis, low survival rate, and resistance to chemotherapy. Although different strategies have been developed to specifically target this oncoprotein over the last few decades, almost all of them have failed, relying on the current therapeutic solutions to target proteins involved in the KRAS pathway using chemical or gene therapy. Nanomedicine can certainly bring a solution for the lack of specificity and effectiveness of anti-KRAS therapy. Therefore, nanoparticles of different natures are being developed to improve the therapeutic index of drugs, genetic material, and/or biomolecules and to allow their delivery specifically into the cells of interest. The present work aims to summarize the most recent advances related to the use of nanotechnology for the development of new therapeutic strategies against KRAS-mutated cancers. 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