3520be3a817034e92ac2870d54074551 pmc_10451485.pdf 0a7f42e824a2780a6a3297789d234dee833a7876 pmc_10451485.pdf 6688d9b060b57bf62a17a6cb3d859dc1d8375fc186b7b06df5c0c80b776f545b pmc_10451485.pdf Title: Microsporidia in Commercially Harvested Marine Fish: A Potential Health Risk for Consumers Subject: Microsporidia are widely spread obligate intracellular fungal pathogens from vertebrate and invertebrate organisms, mainly transmitted by contaminated food and water. This study aims to detect the presence of major human-pathogenic microsporidia, i.e., Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, Encephalitozoon hellem, and Encephalitozoon cuniculi, in the gastrointestinal tract of commercially harvested marine fish from Mediterranean coast of the Comunidad Valenciana, Eastern Spain. A total of 251 fish, 138 farmed fish and 113 wild fish from commercial fishing were tested by SYBR Green real-time PCR, enabling the simultaneous detection of the four targeted species. E. intestinalis/hellem was found in 1.45% of farmed fish and 7.96% of wild fish, while Enterocytozoonidae was detected in 2.90% and 18.58% of farmed and wild fish, respectively. E. cuniculi was not detected in any of the analyzed specimens. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of E. intestinalis/hellem in fish, particularly in marine fish. Although the role of fish in these species’ epidemiology remains unknown, this finding points out a potential public health risk linked to fish consumption. Further studies are necessary to characterize these microsporidia in fish hosts better and to elucidate their epidemiological role. Keywords: Encephalitozoon hellem; Encephalitozoon intestinalis; Enterocytozoon bieneusi; real-time PCR; zoonosis Author: Samantha Moratal, Angela Magnet, Fernando Izquierdo, Carmen del Águila, Jordi López-Ramon and María Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Sat Aug 19 12:16:29 2023 CEST ModDate: Sat Aug 19 12:19:57 2023 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 11 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 565122 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- YLXLLT+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 DJVHLY+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 SKDETL+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 MCWBUT+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 OPETZR+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 SZMRXJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 46 0 HGMRNE+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 71 0 OVNEXW+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 78 0 XRXAID+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 85 0 MLYEVU+MSAM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 92 0 JMFNEF+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 107 0 JMFNEG+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 110 0 JMFNEH+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 116 0 JMFNEJ+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 119 0 JMGABL+CambriaMath CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 122 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-09-21 02:28:43 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_10451485.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-09-09 02:19:18 CEST Size: 565122 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 329 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Children: Item: Title: Study Area and Fish Sampling Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: DNA Extraction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Real-Time PCR for Human Pathogenic Microsporidia Detection and Species Identification Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Children: Item: Title: Fish Sampled Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Zoonotic Microsporidia in Gastrointestinal Tract Samples Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: Zoonotic Microsporidia in Muscle Samples Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: Other Microsporidia Species Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@63440df3 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@3aeaafa6 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@76a3e297 Info: Title: Microsporidia in Commercially Harvested Marine Fish: A Potential Health Risk for Consumers Author: Samantha Moratal, Angela Magnet, Fernando Izquierdo, Carmen del Águila, Jordi López-Ramon and María Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela Subject: Microsporidia are widely spread obligate intracellular fungal pathogens from vertebrate and invertebrate organisms, mainly transmitted by contaminated food and water. This study aims to detect the presence of major human-pathogenic microsporidia, i.e., Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, Encephalitozoon hellem, and Encephalitozoon cuniculi, in the gastrointestinal tract of commercially harvested marine fish from Mediterranean coast of the Comunidad Valenciana, Eastern Spain. A total of 251 fish, 138 farmed fish and 113 wild fish from commercial fishing were tested by SYBR Green real-time PCR, enabling the simultaneous detection of the four targeted species. E. intestinalis/hellem was found in 1.45% of farmed fish and 7.96% of wild fish, while Enterocytozoonidae was detected in 2.90% and 18.58% of farmed and wild fish, respectively. E. cuniculi was not detected in any of the analyzed specimens. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of E. intestinalis/hellem in fish, particularly in marine fish. Although the role of fish in these species’ epidemiology remains unknown, this finding points out a potential public health risk linked to fish consumption. Further studies are necessary to characterize these microsporidia in fish hosts better and to elucidate their epidemiological role. 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