e17a454f9f2d141f2f05075aea907a8e pmc_10459272.pdf 82fa2a1061003d966a746b2b8e3bd937d425d7bb pmc_10459272.pdf 0cb7d2d293fa3c6dbc9915c8938e309845bbdfbba68501b38283f8a3738af627 pmc_10459272.pdf Title: Feline Injection-Site Sarcoma and Other Adverse Reactions to Vaccination in Cats Subject: Vaccine-associated adverse events (VAAEs), including feline injection-site sarcomas (FISSs), occur only rarely but can be severe. Understanding potential VAAEs is an important part of informed owner consent for vaccination. In this review, the European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD), a scientifically independent board of feline medicine experts, presents the current knowledge on VAAEs in cats, summarizing the literature and filling the gaps where scientific studies are missing with expert opinion to assist veterinarians in adopting the best vaccination practice. VAAEs are caused by an aberrant innate or adaptive immune reaction, excessive local reactions at the inoculation site, an error in administration, or failure in the manufacturing process. FISS, the most severe VAAE, can develop after vaccinations or injection of other substances. Although the most widely accepted hypothesis is that chronic inflammation triggers malignant transformation, the pathogenesis of FISS is not yet fully understood. No injectable vaccine is risk-free, and therefore, vaccination should be performed as often as necessary, but as infrequently as possible. Vaccines should be brought to room temperature prior to administration and injected at sites in which FISS surgery would likely be curative; the interscapular region should be avoided. Post-vaccinal monitoring is essential. Keywords: VAAE; FISS; side effect; adverse event; vaccine; immunization; hypersensitivity reaction; anaphylaxis Author: Katrin Hartmann, Herman Egberink, Karin Möstl, Diane D. Addie, Sándor Belák, Corine Boucraut-Baralon, Tadeusz Frymus, Albert Lloret, Regina Hofmann-Lehmann, Fulvio Marsilio, Maria Grazia Pennisi, Séverine Tasker, Etienne Thiry, Uwe Truyen and Margaret J. Hosie Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Aug 8 16:44:02 2023 CEST ModDate: Tue Aug 8 16:46:42 2023 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 20 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1082216 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- GIFXFT+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 NNKDOL+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 URLGJH+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 XRSIEF+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 EQHULK+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 HOWKDX+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 46 0 WCBGZO+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 83 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 98 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 102 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 106 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 120 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 124 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 128 0 GFAWRG+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 147 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-11-04 02:28:45 CET RepresentationInformation: pmc_10459272.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-11-03 02:24:22 CET Size: 1082216 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 629 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4d3167f4 Item: Title: Non-Specific Systemic Reactions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@ed9d034 Item: Title: Hypersensitivity Reactions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@6121c9d6 Children: Item: Title: Type I Hypersensitivity Reactions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@87f383f Item: Title: Type II Hypersensitivity Reactions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4eb7f003 Item: Title: Type III Hypersensitivity Reactions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@eafc191 Item: Title: Type IV Hypersensitivity Reactions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@612fc6eb Item: Title: Immunosuppression Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1060b431 Item: Title: Mild Local Reactions at the Injection Site Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@612679d6 Item: Title: Feline Injection-Site Sarcoma (FISS) Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@11758f2a Children: Item: Title: Epidemiology Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@e720b71 Item: Title: Pathogenesis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1b26f7b2 Item: Title: Clinical Signs Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@491cc5c9 Item: Title: Prevention Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@74ad1f1f Item: Title: Disease Induced by the Vaccine Organism or Contamination Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@6a1aab78 Item: Title: Lack of Efficacy Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@462d5aee Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@69b0fd6f Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@757942a1 Info: Title: Feline Injection-Site Sarcoma and Other Adverse Reactions to Vaccination in Cats Author: Katrin Hartmann, Herman Egberink, Karin Möstl, Diane D. Addie, Sándor Belák, Corine Boucraut-Baralon, Tadeusz Frymus, Albert Lloret, Regina Hofmann-Lehmann, Fulvio Marsilio, Maria Grazia Pennisi, Séverine Tasker, Etienne Thiry, Uwe Truyen and Margaret J. Hosie Subject: Vaccine-associated adverse events (VAAEs), including feline injection-site sarcomas (FISSs), occur only rarely but can be severe. Understanding potential VAAEs is an important part of informed owner consent for vaccination. In this review, the European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD), a scientifically independent board of feline medicine experts, presents the current knowledge on VAAEs in cats, summarizing the literature and filling the gaps where scientific studies are missing with expert opinion to assist veterinarians in adopting the best vaccination practice. VAAEs are caused by an aberrant innate or adaptive immune reaction, excessive local reactions at the inoculation site, an error in administration, or failure in the manufacturing process. FISS, the most severe VAAE, can develop after vaccinations or injection of other substances. Although the most widely accepted hypothesis is that chronic inflammation triggers malignant transformation, the pathogenesis of FISS is not yet fully understood. No injectable vaccine is risk-free, and therefore, vaccination should be performed as often as necessary, but as infrequently as possible. Vaccines should be brought to room temperature prior to administration and injected at sites in which FISS surgery would likely be curative; the interscapular region should be avoided. Post-vaccinal monitoring is essential. 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