7ba1e864c177bc74eede594b5f0c05ac  pmc_10476895.pdf
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dff599dc65231cafa7354d42accee5f8d72132defea44f0b8d5f9e7fbcf260cd  pmc_10476895.pdf

Title:           Warming-induced phenological mismatch between trees and shrubs explains high-elevation forest expansion
Subject:         DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad182 National Science Review, 10, 0, 26-06-2023. Abstract: Despite the importance of species interaction in modulating the range shifts of plants, little is known about the responses of coexisting life forms to a warmer climate. Here, we combine long-term monitoring of cambial phenology in sympatric trees and shrubs at two 
treelines of the Tibetan Plateau, with a meta-analysis of ring-width series from 344 shrubs and 575 trees paired across 11 alpine 
treelines in the Northern Hemisphere. Under a spring warming of +1°C, xylem resumption advances by 2–4 days in trees, but delays by 3–8 days in shrubs. The divergent phenological response to warming was due to shrubs being 3.2 times more sensitive than trees to chilling accumulation. Warmer winters increased the thermal requirement for cambial reactivation in shrubs, leading to a delayed response to warmer springs. Our meta-analysis confirmed such a mechanism across continental scales. The warming-induced phenological mismatch may give a competitive advantage to trees over shrubs, which would provide a new explanation for increasing alpine treeline shifts under the context of climate change.
Keywords:        chilling, climate warming, forcing, treeline shift, xylogenesis
Author:          Li Xiaoxia, Liang Eryuan, Camarero J. Julio, Rossi Sergio, Zhang Jingtian, Zhu Haifeng, Fu Yongshuo H., Sun Jian, Wang Tao, Piao Shilong, Peñuelas Josep
Creator:         OUP
Producer:        Acrobat Distiller 10.0.0 (Windows)
CreationDate:    Tue Jul 25 08:27:36 2023 CEST
ModDate:         Tue Jul 25 08:28:13 2023 CEST
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Pages:           10
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     Item: 
      Title: INTRODUCTION
      Destination: section*.2
     Item: 
      Title: RESULTS
      Destination: section*.4
      Children: 
       Item: 
        Title: Phenological mismatch at the Tibetan Plateau
        Destination: section*.6
       Item: 
        Title: Phenological mismatch in the Northern Hemisphere
        Destination: section*.8
     Item: 
      Title: DISCUSSION
      Destination: section*.10
     Item: 
      Title: METHODS
      Destination: section*.12
      Children: 
       Item: 
        Title: Study sites and species
        Destination: section*.14
       Item: 
        Title: Cambial phenology and temperature
        Destination: section*.16
       Item: 
        Title: Growth-climate relationship of shrubs and trees at alpine treelines
        Destination: section*.18
       Item: 
        Title: Modeling the cambial phenology of shrubs and trees across alpine treelines
        Destination: section*.20
       Item: 
        Title: Assessment of temperature effects on the cambial phenology of trees and shrubs
        Destination: section*.22
     Item: 
      Title: DATA AVAILABILITY
      Destination: section*.24
     Item: 
      Title: SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
      Destination: section*.26
     Item: 
      Title: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
      Destination: section*.28
     Item: 
      Title: FUNDING
      Destination: section*.30
     Item: 
      Title: AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
      Destination: section*.32
     Item: 
      Title: REFERENCES
      Destination: section*.34
   Info: 
    Title: Warming-induced phenological mismatch between trees and shrubs explains high-elevation forest expansion
    Author: Li Xiaoxia, Liang Eryuan, Camarero J. Julio, Rossi Sergio, Zhang Jingtian, Zhu Haifeng, Fu Yongshuo H., Sun Jian, Wang Tao, Piao Shilong, Peñuelas Josep
    Subject: DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad182 National Science Review, 10, 0, 26-06-2023. Abstract: Despite the importance of species interaction in modulating the range shifts of plants, little is known about the responses of coexisting life forms to a warmer climate. Here, we combine long-term monitoring of cambial phenology in sympatric trees and shrubs at two 
treelines of the Tibetan Plateau, with a meta-analysis of ring-width series from 344 shrubs and 575 trees paired across 11 alpine 
treelines in the Northern Hemisphere. Under a spring warming of +1°C, xylem resumption advances by 2–4 days in trees, but delays by 3–8 days in shrubs. The divergent phenological response to warming was due to shrubs being 3.2 times more sensitive than trees to chilling accumulation. Warmer winters increased the thermal requirement for cambial reactivation in shrubs, leading to a delayed response to warmer springs. Our meta-analysis confirmed such a mechanism across continental scales. The warming-induced phenological mismatch may give a competitive advantage to trees over shrubs, which would provide a new explanation for increasing alpine treeline shifts under the context of climate change.
    Keywords: chilling, climate warming, forcing, treeline shift, xylogenesis
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         <pdf:Keywords>chilling, climate warming, forcing, treeline shift, xylogenesis</pdf:Keywords>
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         <prism:copyright>© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of China Science Publishing &amp; Media Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</prism:copyright>
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               <rdf:li>Li Xiaoxia</rdf:li>
               <rdf:li>Liang Eryuan</rdf:li>
               <rdf:li>Camarero J. Julio</rdf:li>
               <rdf:li>Rossi Sergio</rdf:li>
               <rdf:li>Zhang Jingtian</rdf:li>
               <rdf:li>Zhu Haifeng</rdf:li>
               <rdf:li>Fu Yongshuo H.</rdf:li>
               <rdf:li>Sun Jian</rdf:li>
               <rdf:li>Wang Tao</rdf:li>
               <rdf:li>Piao Shilong</rdf:li>
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               <rdf:li xml:lang="x-default">DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad182 National Science Review, 10, 0, 26-06-2023. Abstract: Despite the importance of species interaction in modulating the range shifts of plants, little is known about the responses of coexisting life forms to a warmer climate. Here, we combine long-term monitoring of cambial phenology in sympatric trees and shrubs at two &#xA;treelines of the Tibetan Plateau, with a meta-analysis of ring-width series from 344 shrubs and 575 trees paired across 11 alpine &#xA;treelines in the Northern Hemisphere. Under a spring warming of &amp;#x002B;1&amp;#x00B0;C, xylem resumption advances by 2&amp;#x2013;4 days in trees, but delays by 3&amp;#x2013;8 days in shrubs. The divergent phenological response to warming was due to shrubs being 3.2 times more sensitive than trees to chilling accumulation. Warmer winters increased the thermal requirement for cambial reactivation in shrubs, leading to a delayed response to warmer springs. Our meta-analysis confirmed such a mechanism across continental scales. The warming-induced phenological mismatch may give a competitive advantage to trees over shrubs, which would provide a new explanation for increasing alpine treeline shifts under the context of climate change.</rdf:li>
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