cd69fe0613895553c8b58fa1654c1dcd pmc_10535032.pdf 0d2ccfa92a3fcb711f3925cef473728271813e45 pmc_10535032.pdf faf4c8f48c062541fde8e487cf6f13abab26e8071bf07397e56aabda5ff9cc30 pmc_10535032.pdf Title: cmv1-Mediated Resistance to CMV in Melon Can Be Overcome by Mixed Infections with Potyviruses Subject: Resistance to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strain LS in melon is controlled by the gene cmv1, which restricts phloem entry. In nature, CMV is commonly found in mixed infections, particularly with potyviruses, where a synergistic effect is frequently produced. We have explored the possibility that this synergism could help CMV-LS to overcome cmv1-mediated resistance. We demonstrate that during mixed infection with a potyvirus, CMV-LS is able to overcome cmv1-controlled resistance and develop a systemic infection and that this ability does not depend on an increased accumulation of CMV-LS in mechanically inoculated cotyledons. Likewise, during a mixed infection initiated by aphids, the natural vector of both cucumoviruses and potyviruses that can very efficiently inoculate plants with a low number of virions, CMV-LS also overcomes cmv1-controlled resistance. This indicates that in the presence of a potyvirus, even a very low amount of inoculum, can be sufficient to surpass the resistance and initiate the infection. These results indicate that there is an important risk for this resistance to be broken in nature as a consequence of mixed infections, and therefore, its deployment in elite cultivars would not be enough to ensure a long-lasting resistance. Keywords: cucumovirus; potyvirus; genetic resistance; mixed infections; melon Author: Andrea Giordano, Inmaculada Ferriol, Juan José López-Moya and Ana Montserrat Martín-Hernández Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Thu Aug 24 07:42:30 2023 CEST ModDate: Thu Aug 24 08:06:14 2023 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 10 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1101650 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- JYPLJJ+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 JUUFKB+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 FMPZZK+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 EUWUYP+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 IBNAQM+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 OYHZSO+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 32 0 HOWKDX+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 50 0 SFWFME+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 75 0 OVNEXW+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 79 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 94 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 98 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 102 0 BCDHEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 106 0 BCDJEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 113 0 BCDKEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 120 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 137 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 141 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 145 0 BCDHEE+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 149 0 BCDJEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 156 0 BCDKEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 163 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-09-01 08:22:06 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_10535032.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2024-07-12 02:35:38 CEST Size: 1101650 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 333 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Plant, Insects and Virus Materials Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Viral Inoculations Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Sampling and RNA Extraction Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Quantification of CMV Viral Load by RT-qPCR Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Virus Detection by Reverse Transcriptase-PCR Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Mixed Infections Allow CMV-LS to Overcome cmv1-Controlled Resistance without Increasing Its Accumulation in the Inoculated Cotyledons Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: cmv1 Resistance Is Compromised in Mixed Infections Initiated by Aphid Inoculation Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: References Destination: section.A. Info: Title: cmv1-Mediated Resistance to CMV in Melon Can Be Overcome by Mixed Infections with Potyviruses Author: Andrea Giordano, Inmaculada Ferriol, Juan José López-Moya and Ana Montserrat Martín-Hernández Subject: Resistance to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strain LS in melon is controlled by the gene cmv1, which restricts phloem entry. In nature, CMV is commonly found in mixed infections, particularly with potyviruses, where a synergistic effect is frequently produced. We have explored the possibility that this synergism could help CMV-LS to overcome cmv1-mediated resistance. We demonstrate that during mixed infection with a potyvirus, CMV-LS is able to overcome cmv1-controlled resistance and develop a systemic infection and that this ability does not depend on an increased accumulation of CMV-LS in mechanically inoculated cotyledons. Likewise, during a mixed infection initiated by aphids, the natural vector of both cucumoviruses and potyviruses that can very efficiently inoculate plants with a low number of virions, CMV-LS also overcomes cmv1-controlled resistance. This indicates that in the presence of a potyvirus, even a very low amount of inoculum, can be sufficient to surpass the resistance and initiate the infection. These results indicate that there is an important risk for this resistance to be broken in nature as a consequence of mixed infections, and therefore, its deployment in elite cultivars would not be enough to ensure a long-lasting resistance. 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