9517efbb84c2b8104e29a6aed2ed73b2 pmc_10535614.pdf 8bd7f1a9c332e6447ac9e9990b9151c43986a59b pmc_10535614.pdf f4faf22c22dc159b1515c4a8646d6797a2b4c24a1ca952ccac597093340df67a pmc_10535614.pdf Title: Exploring the Relationship between Neutrophil Activation and Different States of Canine L. infantum Infection: Nitroblue Tetrazolium Test and IFN- Subject: This study aimed to investigate the role of neutrophils in canine leishmaniosis by assessing neutrophil activation and its relationship with different states of L. infantum infection and antibody and IFN- production. Dogs were categorized into five groups: healthy-seronegative (n = 25), healthy-seropositive (n = 21), LeishVet-stage I (n = 25), Leishvet-stage II (n = 41), and LeishVet-stage III–IV (n = 16). Results of the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test (NBT) showed significantly higher neutrophil activation in stage I (median:17.17, range: [7.33–31.50]%) compared to in healthy-seronegative (4.10 [1.20–18.00]%), healthy-seropositive (7.65 [3.98–21.74]%), stage II (6.50 [1.50–28.70]%), and stage III–IV (7.50 [3.00–16.75]%) groups (p < 0.0001). Healthy-seropositive dogs also displayed higher values than all groups except stage I. Stages II and III–IV did not show significant differences compared to healthy-seronegative. Regarding IFN-, stage I dogs had higher concentrations (median:127.90, range: [0–3998.00] pg/mL) than healthy-seronegative (0 [0–109.50] pg/mL) (p = 0.0002), stage II (9.00 [0–5086.00] pg/mL) (p = 0.045), and stage III–IV (3.50 [80.00–548.80] pg/mL) (p = 0.02) dogs. Stage II dogs showed increased IFN- compared to healthy-seronegative dogs (p = 0.015), while stage III–IV dogs had no significant differences compared to healthy-seronegative dogs (p = 0.12). Healthy-seropositive dogs had elevated IFN- concentrations compared to healthy-seronegative dogs (p = 0.001) and dogs in stage III–IV (p = 0.03). In conclusion, neutrophil activation was higher in dogs with mild disease and healthy-seropositive dogs, and a relationship between neutrophil activation and the production of IFN- was found. Keywords: NBT; dog; immunity; interferon-gamma; neutrophil; leishmaniosis; oxidative burst; oxidative metabolism Author: Carles Blasi-Brugué, Icíar Martínez-Flórez, Marta Baxarias, Joan del Rio-Velasco and Laia Solano-Gallego Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Thu Sep 14 04:43:16 2023 CEST ModDate: Thu Sep 14 04:49:55 2023 CEST Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 20 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1128235 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- AKXRSZ+EURB10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 10 0 XWOCXD+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 14 0 LCZJOD+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 LEVXPH+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 23 0 MGQIXD+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 27 0 ZMCWUO+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 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yes yes 254 0 NBPMHK+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 260 0 NBPNMF+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 263 0 NBPMGH+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 376 0 NBPMGI+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 379 0 NBPMGJ+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 385 0 NBPMHK+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 388 0 NBPNMF+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 391 0 NBPMGH+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 428 0 NBPMGI+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 431 0 NBPMGJ+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 437 0 NBPMHK+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 440 0 NBPNMF+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 443 0 YPGQCR+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes no 491 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-10-10 02:21:44 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_10535614.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-10-04 02:22:44 CEST Size: 1128235 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 775 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Children: Item: Title: Dogs and Clinical Data Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Blood Collection Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: Antileishmanial Antibody Quantification via ELISA Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Nitroblue Tetrazolium Reduction Test Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Cytokine Release Whole Blood Assay and Determination of Canine IFN- Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Children: Item: Title: Dog Clinical Characteristics and Performed Tests Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Item: Title: Age-Stratified Analysis of NBT Rate in Dogs with Papular Dermatitis (Stage I): Insights from Younger and Older Canine Cohorts Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@63440df3 Item: Title: Follow-Up of Dogs with Papular Dermatitis (Stage I) Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@3aeaafa6 Item: Title: Total Leucocyte Concentration and Differential Leukocyte Concentration Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@76a3e297 Item: Title: Nitroblue Tetrazolium Reduction Test Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4d3167f4 Item: Title: Leishmania Infantum-Specific Antibody Levels Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@ed9d034 Item: Title: IFN- Concentration Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@6121c9d6 Item: Title: Correlation between Parameters Studied Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@87f383f Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4eb7f003 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@eafc191 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@612fc6eb Info: Title: Exploring the Relationship between Neutrophil Activation and Different States of Canine L. infantum Infection: Nitroblue Tetrazolium Test and IFN- Author: Carles Blasi-Brugué, Icíar Martínez-Flórez, Marta Baxarias, Joan del Rio-Velasco and Laia Solano-Gallego Subject: This study aimed to investigate the role of neutrophils in canine leishmaniosis by assessing neutrophil activation and its relationship with different states of L. infantum infection and antibody and IFN- production. Dogs were categorized into five groups: healthy-seronegative (n = 25), healthy-seropositive (n = 21), LeishVet-stage I (n = 25), Leishvet-stage II (n = 41), and LeishVet-stage III IV (n = 16). Results of the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test (NBT) showed significantly higher neutrophil activation in stage I (median:17.17, range: [7.33 31.50]%) compared to in healthy-seronegative (4.10 [1.20 18.00]%), healthy-seropositive (7.65 [3.98 21.74]%), stage II (6.50 [1.50 28.70]%), and stage III IV (7.50 [3.00 16.75]%) groups (p < 0.0001). Healthy-seropositive dogs also displayed higher values than all groups except stage I. Stages II and III IV did not show significant differences compared to healthy-seronegative. Regarding IFN-, stage I dogs had higher concentrations (median:127.90, range: [0 3998.00] pg/mL) than healthy-seronegative (0 [0 109.50] pg/mL) (p = 0.0002), stage II (9.00 [0 5086.00] pg/mL) (p = 0.045), and stage III IV (3.50 [80.00 548.80] pg/mL) (p = 0.02) dogs. Stage II dogs showed increased IFN- compared to healthy-seronegative dogs (p = 0.015), while stage III IV dogs had no significant differences compared to healthy-seronegative dogs (p = 0.12). Healthy-seropositive dogs had elevated IFN- concentrations compared to healthy-seronegative dogs (p = 0.001) and dogs in stage III IV (p = 0.03). In conclusion, neutrophil activation was higher in dogs with mild disease and healthy-seropositive dogs, and a relationship between neutrophil activation and the production of IFN- was found. 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