5fc19bd23b67159b9e084ea4fe0310f9 pmc_10668718.pdf 342ec65d7f3c8786bc7b44709307f12a53549aaf pmc_10668718.pdf 22379489dff34b93fc4973956e816b8a8b77c3680231f61f70e1e3333dc5c88a pmc_10668718.pdf Title: The Susceptibility Trends of Respiratory and Enteric Porcine Pathogens to Last-Resource Antimicrobials Subject: Monitoring the antimicrobial susceptibility of last-resource antimicrobials for veterinary pathogens is urgently needed from a one-health perspective. The objective of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility trends of Spanish porcine bacteria to quinolones, cephalosporins, and polymyxins. Isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, and Escherichia coli were isolated from sick pigs from 2019 to 2022. An antimicrobial susceptibility test was determined based on the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) following an internationally accepted methodology. The MIC categorization was based on distributing the range of MIC values in four categories, with category one being the most susceptible (lowest MIC value) and category four the least susceptible (highest MIC value). Moreover, clinical susceptibility (susceptible/non-susceptible) was also determined according to the CLSI and EUCAST clinical breakpoints. A logistic and multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the susceptibility data for dichotomized and categorized MIC data, respectively, for any pair of antimicrobial/microorganism. In general terms, the antimicrobial susceptibility of pig bacteria to these antimicrobials remained stable or increased in the last four years in Spain. In the case of A. pleuropneumoniae and quinolones, a significant temporal trend was observed where isolates from 2020 had significantly increased odds of being more susceptible than isolates from 2019. In the case of E. coli and polymyxins, a significant temporal trend was observed where isolates from 2020 and 2021 had significantly increased odds of being more susceptible than isolates from 2019 and 2020, respectively. Finally, significant odds of being less susceptible were only observed for cephalosporins and E. coli for 2020 versus 2019, stagnating for the rest of study period. These results provide sound data on critically important antimicrobials in swine medicine. Keywords: trend analysis; antimicrobial susceptibility; porcine pathogens Author: Anna Vilaró, Elena Novell, Vicens Enrique-Tarancon, Jordi Baliellas, Lourdes Migura-García and Lorenzo Fraile Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Oct 30 08:59:37 2023 CET ModDate: Mon Oct 30 09:29:15 2023 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 19 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 2641519 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- UXGTME+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 ZOKKNO+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 KQMJBI+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 ZMEFUK+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 23 0 YWWVQQ+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 YYFPCJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 47 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Size: 2641519 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 680 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Bacteria Isolation Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Distribution of MIC per Antimicrobial and Microorganism across the Years Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Logistic and Multinominal Model for Quinolones Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Logistic and Multinominal Model for Third- and Fourth-Generation Cephalosporins Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Logistic and Multinominal Model for Polymyxins Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.3 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Clinical Samples Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Bacterial Isolation and Identification Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Destination: subsection.4.3 Item: Title: Statistical Methods Destination: subsection.4.4 Item: Title: References Destination: section.5 Info: Title: The Susceptibility Trends of Respiratory and Enteric Porcine Pathogens to Last-Resource Antimicrobials Author: Anna Vilaró, Elena Novell, Vicens Enrique-Tarancon, Jordi Baliellas, Lourdes Migura-García and Lorenzo Fraile Subject: Monitoring the antimicrobial susceptibility of last-resource antimicrobials for veterinary pathogens is urgently needed from a one-health perspective. The objective of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility trends of Spanish porcine bacteria to quinolones, cephalosporins, and polymyxins. Isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, and Escherichia coli were isolated from sick pigs from 2019 to 2022. An antimicrobial susceptibility test was determined based on the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) following an internationally accepted methodology. The MIC categorization was based on distributing the range of MIC values in four categories, with category one being the most susceptible (lowest MIC value) and category four the least susceptible (highest MIC value). Moreover, clinical susceptibility (susceptible/non-susceptible) was also determined according to the CLSI and EUCAST clinical breakpoints. A logistic and multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the susceptibility data for dichotomized and categorized MIC data, respectively, for any pair of antimicrobial/microorganism. In general terms, the antimicrobial susceptibility of pig bacteria to these antimicrobials remained stable or increased in the last four years in Spain. In the case of A. pleuropneumoniae and quinolones, a significant temporal trend was observed where isolates from 2020 had significantly increased odds of being more susceptible than isolates from 2019. In the case of E. coli and polymyxins, a significant temporal trend was observed where isolates from 2020 and 2021 had significantly increased odds of being more susceptible than isolates from 2019 and 2020, respectively. Finally, significant odds of being less susceptible were only observed for cephalosporins and E. coli for 2020 versus 2019, stagnating for the rest of study period. These results provide sound data on critically important antimicrobials in swine medicine. 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