9d55b88f5af1fd83288af77683d67a4b pmc_10708232.pdf c9b60c4f03fc05c3ded33a7f88e3a1a8eff6f150 pmc_10708232.pdf 7125981a8e523b4c0e7523f7e5d57e1ea5f5303175f383b64119ff619bd83fba pmc_10708232.pdf Title: Susceptibility Evaluation to Fire Blight and Genome-Wide Associations within a Collection of Asturian Apple Accessions Subject: Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora, is one of the most devastating apple diseases. The selection of cultivars of low susceptibility and the study of the genetic mechanisms of the disease play important roles in fire blight management. The susceptibility level to fire blight was evaluated in 102 accessions originating from Asturias, a cider-producing region located in the north of Spain with a wide apple germplasm. Evaluations took place under quarantine conditions using artificial inoculations of grafted plants. The results revealed wide variation in susceptibility responses and low-susceptible cultivars were identified. In addition, 91 cultivars were genotyped using the Affymetrix Axiom® Apple 480 K SNP array to conduct genome-wide association studies (GWAS). A statistically significant signal was detected on chromosome 10 using the multi-locus mixed model (MLMM). Two genes were identified as major putative candidate genes: a TIR-NBS-LRR class disease protein and a protein containing a development and cell death (DCD) domain. The outcomes of this study provide a promising source of information, particularly in the context of cider apples, and set a starting point for future genetic and breeding approaches. Keywords: Malus domestica; Erwinia amylovora; cider apple; apple bank germplasm; phenotypic evaluation; local cultivars; artificial inoculations; genome-wide association studies; apple breeding; putative candidate genes Author: Belén García-Fernández, Ramon Dolcet-Sanjuan, Diego Micheletti, María José Antón-Díaz, Cristina Solsona, Mercedes Fernández, Xavier Abad and Enrique Dapena Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Dec 4 08:28:22 2023 CET ModDate: Mon Dec 4 08:32:16 2023 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 13 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 2064135 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- CDYSCB+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 DLCHQQ+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 FHOKEB+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 JYPLJJ+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 23 0 VTLKDP+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 43 0 QQOOTE+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 73 0 YQOTQA+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 80 0 OOEIAC+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 91 0 OOEIAD+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 94 0 OOEIAE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 100 0 OOEIAG+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 103 0 OOEIKE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 106 0 OOEIAC+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 120 0 OOEIAD+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 123 0 OOEIAE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 129 0 OOEIAG+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 132 0 OOEIKE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 135 0 OOEIAC+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 149 0 OOEIAD+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 152 0 OOEIAE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 158 0 OOEIAG+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 161 0 OOEIKE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 164 0 OOEIAC+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 176 0 OOEIAD+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 179 0 OOEIAE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 185 0 OOEIAG+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 188 0 OOEIKE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 191 0 UNSLQC+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 202 0 OOEIAC+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 216 0 OOEIAD+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 219 0 OOEIAE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 225 0 OOEIAG+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 228 0 OOEIKE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 231 0 RDUGED+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes no 244 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-01-17 02:28:06 CET RepresentationInformation: pmc_10708232.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2024-01-12 02:23:01 CET Size: 2064135 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 514 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Phenotypic Evaluation Destination: subsection.2.1 Children: Item: Title: Pathogenicity Test Destination: subsubsection.2.1.1 Item: Title: Evaluation of Plant Material Susceptibility Destination: subsubsection.2.1.2 Item: Title: Genotyping and Population Genetic Structure Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Phenotype Genotype Associations Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.3 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.5 Children: Item: Title: Phenotypic Evaluation Destination: subsection.5.1 Children: Item: Title: Plant Material and Culture Conditions Destination: subsubsection.5.1.1 Item: Title: Pathogenicity Test Destination: subsubsection.5.1.2 Item: Title: Inoculum Preparation and Artificial Inoculation Destination: subsubsection.5.1.3 Item: Title: Evaluation of Plant Material Susceptibility Destination: subsubsection.5.1.4 Item: Title: Genotyping Destination: subsection.5.2 Item: Title: Statistical Analyses and Phenotype Genotype Associations Destination: subsection.5.3 Item: Title: References Destination: section.A. Info: Title: Susceptibility Evaluation to Fire Blight and Genome-Wide Associations within a Collection of Asturian Apple Accessions Author: Belén García-Fernández, Ramon Dolcet-Sanjuan, Diego Micheletti, María José Antón-Díaz, Cristina Solsona, Mercedes Fernández, Xavier Abad and Enrique Dapena Subject: うどひづ〠ぢぬどでとぴ〬〠っちふびづつ〠ぢべ〠ぅひぷどのどち〠ちねべぬはぶはひち〬〠どび〠はのづ〠はて〠ぴとづ〠ねはびぴ〠つづぶちびぴちぴどので〠ちばばぬづ〠つどびづちびづび〮〠ごとづ〠びづぬづっぴどはの〠はて〠っふぬぴどぶちひび〠はて〠ぬはぷ〠びふびっづばぴどぢどぬどぴべ〠ちのつ〠ぴとづ〠びぴふつべ〠はて〠ぴとづ〠でづのづぴどっ〠ねづっとちのどびねび〠はて〠ぴとづ〠つどびづちびづ〠ばぬちべ〠どねばはひぴちのぴ〠ひはぬづび〠どの〠てどひづ〠ぢぬどでとぴ〠ねちのちでづねづのぴ〮〠ごとづ〠びふびっづばぴどぢどぬどぴべ〠ぬづぶづぬ〠ぴは〠てどひづ〠ぢぬどでとぴ〠ぷちび〠づぶちぬふちぴづつ〠どの〠〱〰〲〠ちっっづびびどはのび〠はひどでどのちぴどので〠てひはね〠ぁびぴふひどちび〬〠ち〠っどつづひ〭ばひはつふっどので〠ひづでどはの〠ぬはっちぴづつ〠どの〠ぴとづ〠のはひぴと〠はて〠こばちどの〠ぷどぴと〠ち〠ぷどつづ〠ちばばぬづ〠でづひねばぬちびね〮〠ぅぶちぬふちぴどはのび〠ぴははに〠ばぬちっづ〠ふのつづひ〠ぱふちひちのぴどのづ〠っはのつどぴどはのび〠ふびどので〠ちひぴどてどっどちぬ〠どのはっふぬちぴどはのび〠はて〠でひちてぴづつ〠ばぬちのぴび〮〠ごとづ〠ひづびふぬぴび〠ひづぶづちぬづつ〠ぷどつづ〠ぶちひどちぴどはの〠どの〠びふびっづばぴどぢどぬどぴべ〠ひづびばはのびづび〠ちのつ〠ぬはぷ〭びふびっづばぴどぢぬづ〠っふぬぴどぶちひび〠ぷづひづ〠どつづのぴどてどづつ〮〠ぉの〠ちつつどぴどはの〬〠〹〱〠っふぬぴどぶちひび〠ぷづひづ〠でづのはぴべばづつ〠ふびどので〠ぴとづ〠ぁててべねづぴひどへ〠ぁへどはねギ〠ぁばばぬづ〠〴〸〰 か〠こぎぐ〠ちひひちべ〠ぴは〠っはのつふっぴ〠でづのはねづ〭ぷどつづ〠ちびびはっどちぴどはの〠びぴふつどづび〠〨ぇしぁこ〩〮〠ぁ〠びぴちぴどびぴどっちぬぬべ〠びどでのどてどっちのぴ〠びどでのちぬ〠ぷちび〠つづぴづっぴづつ〠はの〠っとひはねはびはねづ〠〱〰〠ふびどので〠ぴとづ〠ねふぬぴど〭ぬはっふび〠ねどへづつ〠ねはつづぬ〠〨きがきき〩〮〠ごぷは〠でづのづび〠ぷづひづ〠どつづのぴどてどづつ〠ちび〠ねちなはひ〠ばふぴちぴどぶづ〠っちのつどつちぴづ〠でづのづび〺〠ち〠ごぉげ〭ぎあこ〭がげげ〠っぬちびび〠つどびづちびづ〠ばひはぴづどの〠ちのつ〠ち〠ばひはぴづどの〠っはのぴちどのどので〠ち〠つづぶづぬはばねづのぴ〠ちのつ〠っづぬぬ〠つづちぴと〠〨いぃい〩〠つはねちどの〮〠ごとづ〠はふぴっはねづび〠はて〠ぴとどび〠びぴふつべ〠ばひはぶどつづ〠ち〠ばひはねどびどので〠びはふひっづ〠はて〠どのてはひねちぴどはの〬〠ばちひぴどっふぬちひぬべ〠どの〠ぴとづ〠っはのぴづへぴ〠はて〠っどつづひ〠ちばばぬづび〬〠ちのつ〠びづぴ〠ち〠びぴちひぴどので〠ばはどのぴ〠てはひ〠てふぴふひづ〠でづのづぴどっ〠ちのつ〠ぢひづづつどので〠ちばばひはちっとづび〮 Keywords: Malus domestica; Erwinia amylovora; cider apple; apple bank germplasm; phenotypic evaluation; local cultivars; artificial inoculations; genome-wide association studies; apple breeding; putative candidate genes Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Dec 04 08:28:22 CET 2023 ModDate: Mon Dec 04 08:32:16 CET 2023 ID: 0xed12ea0eaa08f9fdd031f7bad3be3c0b, 0xed12ea0eaa08f9fdd031f7bad3be3c0b Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: YQOTQA+VnURWPalladioL FontSubset: true FirstChar: 129 LastChar: 243 FontDescriptor: FontName: YQOTQA+VnURWPalladioL Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: FHOKEB+URWPalladioL-Ital FontSubset: true FirstChar: 3 LastChar: 150 FontDescriptor: FontName: FHOKEB+URWPalladioL-Ital Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: RDUGED+VnURWPalladioL-Italic 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