5cd2def938d554a900a32127d5d23c8d pmc_9863630.pdf c8841e29c1b39b5646e57e7db9d20413a159e835 pmc_9863630.pdf 226384dfa5360f4c30466fbf2880b7c64b5e180a71bb3e6ab9d2be28aa8a8104 pmc_9863630.pdf Title: Repair of Long Peripheral Nerve Defects in Sheep: A Translational Model for Nerve Regeneration Subject: Despite advances in microsurgery, full functional recovery of severe peripheral nerve injuries is not commonly attained. The sheep appears as a good preclinical model since it presents nerves with similar characteristics to humans. In this study, we induced 5 or 7 cm resection in the peroneal nerve and repaired with an autograft. Functional evaluation was performed monthly. Electromyographic and ultrasound tests were performed at 6.5 and 9 months postoperation (mpo). No significant differences were found between groups with respect to functional tests, although slow improvements were seen from 5 mpo. Electrophysiological tests showed compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) of small amplitude at 6.5 mpo that increased at 9 mpo, although they were significantly lower than the contralateral side. Ultrasound tests showed significantly reduced size of tibialis anterior (TA) muscle at 6.5 mpo and partially recovered size at 9 mpo. Histological evaluation of the grafts showed good axonal regeneration in all except one sheep from autograft 7 cm (AG7) group, while distal to the graft there was a higher number of axons than in control nerves. The results indicate that sheep nerve repair is a useful model for investigating long-gap peripheral nerve injuries. Keywords: large animal model; long gap; nerve injury; nerve regeneration; sheep Author: Estefanía Contreras, Sara Traserra, Sara Bolívar, Joaquím Forés, Eduard Jose-Cunilleras, Ignacio Delgado-Martínez, Félix García, Esther Udina and Xavier Navarro Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Jan 10 09:13:34 2023 CET ModDate: Tue Jan 10 09:21:04 2023 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 17 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 11582660 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- YSPQJI+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 HEOTNM+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 LCPJWH+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 KIRYBD+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 GDKTAY+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 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MMMJIG+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 327 0 MMMJII+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 330 0 MMMJIK+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 333 0 MMMJIG+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 349 0 MMMJIH+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 352 0 MMMJII+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 358 0 MMMJIK+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 361 0 MMMJIF+PalatinoLinotype,Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 375 0 MMMJIG+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 381 0 MMMJIH+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 384 0 MMMJII+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 390 0 MMMJIK+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 393 0 MMMJIG+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 408 0 MMMJII+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 411 0 MMMJIK+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 414 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-02-02 02:36:25 CET RepresentationInformation: pmc_9863630.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-01-26 02:12:04 CET Size: 11582660 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 648 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4923ab24 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Children: Item: Title: Clinical Observations Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Item: Title: Functional Evaluation Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Electrophysiological Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Echographic Evaluation of TA Muscle Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Histological Results of the Grafted Nerve Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Histological Evaluation of Reinnervated Targets Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Children: Item: Title: Animals and Study Design Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Surgical Procedure Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Item: Title: Functional Testing Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Electrophysiological Tests Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: Ultrasound Test Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: Histological Evaluation Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Item: Title: Data Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@63440df3 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@3aeaafa6 Info: Title: Repair of Long Peripheral Nerve Defects in Sheep: A Translational Model for Nerve Regeneration Author: Estefanía Contreras, Sara Traserra, Sara Bolívar, Joaquím Forés, Eduard Jose-Cunilleras, Ignacio Delgado-Martínez, Félix García, Esther Udina and Xavier Navarro Subject: Despite advances in microsurgery, full functional recovery of severe peripheral nerve injuries is not commonly attained. The sheep appears as a good preclinical model since it presents nerves with similar characteristics to humans. In this study, we induced 5 or 7 cm resection in the peroneal nerve and repaired with an autograft. Functional evaluation was performed monthly. Electromyographic and ultrasound tests were performed at 6.5 and 9 months postoperation (mpo). No significant differences were found between groups with respect to functional tests, although slow improvements were seen from 5 mpo. Electrophysiological tests showed compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) of small amplitude at 6.5 mpo that increased at 9 mpo, although they were significantly lower than the contralateral side. Ultrasound tests showed significantly reduced size of tibialis anterior (TA) muscle at 6.5 mpo and partially recovered size at 9 mpo. Histological evaluation of the grafts showed good axonal regeneration in all except one sheep from autograft 7 cm (AG7) group, while distal to the graft there was a higher number of axons than in control nerves. The results indicate that sheep nerve repair is a useful model for investigating long-gap peripheral nerve injuries. 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