e459af29b4c3490b926e54c554e17fc3 pmc_9913708.pdf 474a8d9f3156b63c35328a73aa23eca0d49d1461 pmc_9913708.pdf e2ed61bb22e8b290d6a0aa2827672ae24c92d85df846a9ba91b2c726d2789ff9 pmc_9913708.pdf Title: Cortisol Variations to Estimate the Physiological Stress Response in Horses at a Traditional Equestrian Event Subject: In many countries, horses remain involved in traditional equestrian events such as those celebrated in Menorca (Balearic Islands, Spain) every year since at least the 14th century. The present study aimed to evaluate the variations in salivary cortisol concentrations to estimate the physiological stress response in horses at the Menorca patronal festivals. Two different editions (years 2016 and 2018) of the festivals in honor of the Virgin of Grace in Maó (Menorca, Spain) were studied. Nineteen and seventeen Pure Breed Menorca stallions were included in the study, respectively. The stallions were aged between seven and twelve years. During celebrations, samples were collected before the start of the festivals between 8–9 a.m. and during the festivals at 8–9 p.m. On the second day of celebrations, the samples were collected at 8–9 a.m. and 3–4 p.m. Finally, on the day after the festivals, one sample was collected at 8–9 p.m. Additionally, a control group was sampled at 8–9 a.m., 3–4 p.m., and 8–9 p.m. Salivary cortisol concentrations were assessed by using a commercial enzyme immunoassay kit specially validated to quantify salivary cortisol in horses. Salivary cortisol concentrations did not show significant differences between sampling hours in the control group (p > 0.05). All the samples collected during festivals were significantly higher than samples of the control group (p < 0.05). Within the twenty-four hours after the end of the celebrations, cortisol concentrations returned to baseline levels and did not differ significantly from the control group (p > 0.05). Hence, the present study describes that the participation of the horses in these particular acts generate an acute and transitory stress response. Overall, the current work provides a reasonable basis for future research on the stress physiology and well-being of horses participating in traditional celebrations or similar events. Keywords: saliva; equid; festivals; stress; hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis Author: Sergi Olvera-Maneu, Annaïs Carbajal, Paula Serres-Corral and Manel López-Béjar Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Jan 24 14:29:46 2023 CET ModDate: Tue Jan 24 14:32:21 2023 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 10 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1326998 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- QQVFLV+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 JFWIJK+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 WLSEPA+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 MWHIBA+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 23 0 HJOMHV+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 SZMRXJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 46 0 CBCKHJ+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 74 0 CBCKIK+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 80 0 CBCKKK+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 86 0 CBCKKL+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 92 0 CBCKKM+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 95 0 CBCKKN+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 98 0 CBCLDL+PalatinoLinotype-BoldItalic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 101 0 CBCLEL+PalatinoLinotype-BoldItalic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 107 0 WTAUCZ+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 115 0 BANABA+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 126 0 BANACA+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 132 0 BANAEA+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 138 0 BANAFB+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 144 0 BANAFC+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 147 0 BANAFD+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 150 0 BANCJG+PalatinoLinotype-BoldItalic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 153 0 BANCJH+PalatinoLinotype-BoldItalic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 159 0 VVSYYB+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 167 0 BANABA+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 177 0 BANDDF+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 183 0 BANDEH+TimesNewRomanPSMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 186 0 BANDEJ+ArialMT TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 189 0 BANACA+PalatinoLinotype-Roman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 192 0 BANAEA+PalatinoLinotype-Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 198 0 BANAFB+PalatinoLinotype-Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 204 0 BANAFC+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 207 0 BANAFD+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 210 0 BANCJG+PalatinoLinotype-BoldItalic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 213 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-03-08 02:41:48 CET RepresentationInformation: pmc_9913708.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-03-03 02:15:55 CET Size: 1326998 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 397 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Children: Item: Title: Celebrations Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Animals, Sampling, and Ethics Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Cortisol Quantification and Biochemical Validation of the Enzyme Immunoassay Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Info: Title: Cortisol Variations to Estimate the Physiological Stress Response in Horses at a Traditional Equestrian Event Author: Sergi Olvera-Maneu, Annaïs Carbajal, Paula Serres-Corral and Manel López-Béjar Subject: In many countries, horses remain involved in traditional equestrian events such as those celebrated in Menorca (Balearic Islands, Spain) every year since at least the 14th century. The present study aimed to evaluate the variations in salivary cortisol concentrations to estimate the physiological stress response in horses at the Menorca patronal festivals. Two different editions (years 2016 and 2018) of the festivals in honor of the Virgin of Grace in Maó (Menorca, Spain) were studied. Nineteen and seventeen Pure Breed Menorca stallions were included in the study, respectively. The stallions were aged between seven and twelve years. During celebrations, samples were collected before the start of the festivals between 8 9 a.m. and during the festivals at 8 9 p.m. On the second day of celebrations, the samples were collected at 8 9 a.m. and 3 4 p.m. Finally, on the day after the festivals, one sample was collected at 8 9 p.m. Additionally, a control group was sampled at 8 9 a.m., 3 4 p.m., and 8 9 p.m. Salivary cortisol concentrations were assessed by using a commercial enzyme immunoassay kit specially validated to quantify salivary cortisol in horses. Salivary cortisol concentrations did not show significant differences between sampling hours in the control group (p > 0.05). All the samples collected during festivals were significantly higher than samples of the control group (p < 0.05). Within the twenty-four hours after the end of the celebrations, cortisol concentrations returned to baseline levels and did not differ significantly from the control group (p > 0.05). Hence, the present study describes that the participation of the horses in these particular acts generate an acute and transitory stress response. Overall, the current work provides a reasonable basis for future research on the stress physiology and well-being of horses participating in traditional celebrations or similar events. 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