321c50208ab7fe8ea2ad85f24f9d75cd pmc_9952764.pdf a6783de158304fb34e230f458853bb681e22d8d2 pmc_9952764.pdf 15f8de1ca1797bbd8f3ef193683fb62c053562942d3daea9cdba6af403f37633 pmc_9952764.pdf Title: Electronegative LDL Is Associated with Plaque Vulnerability in Patients with Ischemic Stroke and Carotid Atherosclerosis Subject: Owing to the high risk of recurrence, identifying indicators of carotid plaque vulnerability in atherothrombotic ischemic stroke is essential. In this study, we aimed to identify modified LDLs and antioxidant enzymes associated with plaque vulnerability in plasma from patients with a recent ischemic stroke and carotid atherosclerosis. Patients underwent an ultrasound, a CT-angiography, and an 18F-FDG PET. A blood sample was obtained from patients (n = 64, 57.8% with stenosis 50%) and healthy controls (n = 24). Compared to the controls, patients showed lower levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B (apoB), apoA-I, apoA-II, and apoE, and higher levels of apoJ. Patients showed lower platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) enzymatic activities in HDL, and higher plasma levels of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and electronegative LDL (LDL(-)). The only difference between patients with stenosis 50% and <50% was the proportion of LDL(-). In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, the levels of LDL(-), but not of oxLDL, were independently associated with the degree of carotid stenosis (OR: 5.40, CI: 1.15–25.44, p < 0.033), the presence of hypoechoic plaque (OR: 7.52, CI: 1.26–44.83, p < 0.027), and of diffuse neovessels (OR: 10.77, CI: 1.21–95.93, p < 0.033), indicating that an increased proportion of LDL(-) is associated with vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque. Keywords: electronegative LDL (LDL(-)); oxidized LDL (oxLDL); ischemic stroke; carotid atherosclerosis; plaque vulnerability Author: Núria Puig, Pol Camps-Renom, Arnau Solé, Ana Aguilera-Simón, Elena Jiménez-Xarrié, Alejandro Fernández-León, Mercedes Camacho, Marina Guasch-Jiménez, Rebeca Marin, Joan Martí-Fàbregas, Alejandro Martínez-Domeño, Luis Prats-Sánchez, Francesca Casoni, Belén Pérez, Francesc Jiménez-Altayó, Jose Luis Sánchez-Quesada and Sonia Benitez Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Mon Feb 13 11:58:44 2023 CET ModDate: Mon Feb 13 12:05:16 2023 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 17 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1877560 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- KORLVE+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 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431 0 CCHOKI+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 434 0 CCHOKJ+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 440 0 CCHOKL+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 443 0 CCHOKH+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 518 0 CCHOKI+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 521 0 CCHOKJ+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 527 0 CCHOKL+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 530 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-07-12 02:30:32 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_9952764.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-03-16 02:18:32 CET Size: 1877560 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 772 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Children: Item: Title: Study Design Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Study Population Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Carotid Plaque Imaging Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Children: Item: Title: Carotid Ultrasound Protocol Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Carotid 18F-FDG PET/CT Protocol Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Collection of Blood Samples Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Serum Determinations Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: LDL(-) Quantification Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Item: Title: Effect of Lipoproteins on Cells Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1e7c7811 Children: Item: Title: ChE Capacity of HDL Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77ec78b9 Item: Title: Inflammatory Effect of LDL(-) on Cells Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1a3869f4 Item: Title: Outcomes Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@a38d7a3 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@77f99a05 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@63440df3 Children: Item: Title: Study Population Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@3aeaafa6 Item: Title: Lipid Profile and Lipoprotein-Related Molecules Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@76a3e297 Item: Title: Anti-Atherogenic Properties of HDL Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4d3167f4 Item: Title: Modified LDL: oxLDL and LDL(-) Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@ed9d034 Item: Title: Association of Plaque Characteristics with Modified LDL Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@6121c9d6 Item: Title: Prediction of Carotid Plaque Vulnerability According to the Plasma Proportion of LDL(-) Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@87f383f Item: Title: LDL(-) as an Inductor of Inflammation in Cultured Cells Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@4eb7f003 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@eafc191 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@612fc6eb Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@1060b431 Info: Title: Electronegative LDL Is Associated with Plaque Vulnerability in Patients with Ischemic Stroke and Carotid Atherosclerosis Author: Núria Puig, Pol Camps-Renom, Arnau Solé, Ana Aguilera-Simón, Elena Jiménez-Xarrié, Alejandro Fernández-León, Mercedes Camacho, Marina Guasch-Jiménez, Rebeca Marin, Joan Martí-Fàbregas, Alejandro Martínez-Domeño, Luis Prats-Sánchez, Francesca Casoni, Belén Pérez, Francesc Jiménez-Altayó, Jose Luis Sánchez-Quesada and Sonia Benitez Subject: Owing to the high risk of recurrence, identifying indicators of carotid plaque vulnerability in atherothrombotic ischemic stroke is essential. In this study, we aimed to identify modified LDLs and antioxidant enzymes associated with plaque vulnerability in plasma from patients with a recent ischemic stroke and carotid atherosclerosis. Patients underwent an ultrasound, a CT-angiography, and an 18F-FDG PET. A blood sample was obtained from patients (n = 64, 57.8% with stenosis 50%) and healthy controls (n = 24). Compared to the controls, patients showed lower levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B (apoB), apoA-I, apoA-II, and apoE, and higher levels of apoJ. Patients showed lower platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) enzymatic activities in HDL, and higher plasma levels of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and electronegative LDL (LDL(-)). The only difference between patients with stenosis 50% and <50% was the proportion of LDL(-). In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, the levels of LDL(-), but not of oxLDL, were independently associated with the degree of carotid stenosis (OR: 5.40, CI: 1.15 25.44, p < 0.033), the presence of hypoechoic plaque (OR: 7.52, CI: 1.26 44.83, p < 0.027), and of diffuse neovessels (OR: 10.77, CI: 1.21 95.93, p < 0.033), indicating that an increased proportion of LDL(-) is associated with vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque. 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