1ca6f6fd20514f187aa50b0ac94f94c1 pmc_9961019.pdf 83e042f79db190f29afda9f49dcd801e33afab2f pmc_9961019.pdf 3a5974668a7d52edce49e6b7c2b50e4ab8d1286142b611032ee0026c16ec61c1 pmc_9961019.pdf Title: Civil Engineering and Malaria Risk: A Descriptive Study in a Rural Area of Cubal, Angola Subject: (1) Background: Angola is among the high-burden countries with malaria cases globally. After 2013, we suspected an increase in the number of malaria cases in Cubal (Angola), previously in decline. Our objective was to evaluate the incidence rate in Cubal, overall and by neighborhood, for 2014, 2015, and 2016. (2) Methods: A retrospective, observational study was performed in Cubal (Angola) from January 2014 to December 2016, including all patients with a microbiologically confirmed diagnosis, treated at Cubal’s Hospitals for this period of time. The principal variables calculated were the incidence rates of 2014, 2015, and 2016 in Cubal (overall and by neighborhood). (3) Results: There were 3249 malaria cases. The incidence rates were 2.27, 10.73, and 12.40 cases per 1000 inhabitants in 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. In the neighborhood, Hamavoko-Kasseke, there was a 10.73-fold increase in incidence during this period. Additionally, Hamavoko-Kasseke presents an anomalous distribution of malaria cases. (4) Conclusions: We observed an increase in the incidence of malaria in Cubal during the three-year study period. The case distribution was highly heterogeneous with hyperendemic areas, and we found a chronobiological association between the construction of a civil engineering project. This information could be useful for deciding which malaria control strategies must be implemented in this area. Keywords: malaria; Angola; Benguela; incidence rate; civil engineering Author: Eva Gil Olivas, Andreu Bruguera, Arlete Nindia E. Eugenio, João José Nunda, Armindo Tchiyanga, Fernando Graça Ekavo, Adriano Cambali, Milagros Moreno, Cristina Bocanegra García, Maria Luísa Aznar, Fernando Salvador, Adrián Sánchez-Montalvá and Israel Molina Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Wed Feb 1 09:03:02 2023 CET ModDate: Thu Feb 16 03:35:29 2023 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 13 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 2407554 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- HFUITD+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 PSCFPQ+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 WVEKMN+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 AHHXZX+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 AXOXIN+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 ZMZZBL+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 46 0 NIHENI+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 71 0 NIHENK+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 74 0 NIHEOM+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 77 0 WOWCNF+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 88 0 NIHENI+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 98 0 NIHENJ+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 101 0 NIHENK+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 107 0 NIHEOM+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 110 0 WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes no 117 0 NIHKHO+Calibri,Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 133 0 NIHENI+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 139 0 NIHENK+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 142 0 NIHEOM+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 145 0 NIHKBP+Calibri CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 148 0 NIHKHO+Calibri,Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 160 0 NIHENI+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 166 0 NIHENK+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 169 0 NIHEOM+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 172 0 NIHKBP+Calibri CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 175 0 BCDEEE+PalatinoLinotype-Roman TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 190 0 BCDFEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 194 0 BCDGEE+PalatinoLinotype-Bold CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 198 0 NIHENI+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 215 0 NIHENK+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 218 0 NIHEOM+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 221 0 SGWBGJ+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes no 232 0 YJLKBB+SFRM0900 Type 1 Custom yes yes no 236 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.22.1, 2019-04-17) Date: 2023-04-01 02:29:24 CEST RepresentationInformation: pmc_9961019.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.1 (2019-04-17) LastModified: 2023-03-02 02:17:25 CET Size: 2407554 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 380 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@44c8afef Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7b69c6ba Children: Item: Title: Study Design Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@46daef40 Item: Title: Study Population and Data Collection Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@12f41634 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@13c27452 Item: Title: Ethical Considerations Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@262b2c86 Item: Title: Results Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@371a67ec Item: Title: Discussion Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@5ed828d Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@50d0686 Item: Title: References Destination: edu.harvard.hul.ois.jhove.module.pdf.PdfSimpleObject@7a3d45bd Info: Title: Civil Engineering and Malaria Risk: A Descriptive Study in a Rural Area of Cubal, Angola Author: Eva Gil Olivas, Andreu Bruguera, Arlete Nindia E. Eugenio, João José Nunda, Armindo Tchiyanga, Fernando Graça Ekavo, Adriano Cambali, Milagros Moreno, Cristina Bocanegra García, Maria Luísa Aznar, Fernando Salvador, Adrián Sánchez-Montalvá and Israel Molina Subject: (1) Background: Angola is among the high-burden countries with malaria cases globally. After 2013, we suspected an increase in the number of malaria cases in Cubal (Angola), previously in decline. Our objective was to evaluate the incidence rate in Cubal, overall and by neighborhood, for 2014, 2015, and 2016. (2) Methods: A retrospective, observational study was performed in Cubal (Angola) from January 2014 to December 2016, including all patients with a microbiologically confirmed diagnosis, treated at Cubal’s Hospitals for this period of time. The principal variables calculated were the incidence rates of 2014, 2015, and 2016 in Cubal (overall and by neighborhood). (3) Results: There were 3249 malaria cases. The incidence rates were 2.27, 10.73, and 12.40 cases per 1000 inhabitants in 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. In the neighborhood, Hamavoko-Kasseke, there was a 10.73-fold increase in incidence during this period. Additionally, Hamavoko-Kasseke presents an anomalous distribution of malaria cases. (4) Conclusions: We observed an increase in the incidence of malaria in Cubal during the three-year study period. The case distribution was highly heterogeneous with hyperendemic areas, and we found a chronobiological association between the construction of a civil engineering project. This information could be useful for deciding which malaria control strategies must be implemented in this area. 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