a29531f24402585978317e302e2594c4 AGR_a2024v14n6.pdf ec7b2630dcf92b654fd7dd778420c5db46029e2f AGR_a2024v14n6.pdf e86389a3fbb8a3daab37aab05213cab1450a9b52a6254c2968e204dc3d90404f AGR_a2024v14n6.pdf Title: Quality Production of Sainfoin Swards Challenged by Global Change in Mountain Areas in the Western Mediterranean Subject: Legume-based livestock forage systems are widespread and socially relevant agroecosystems that are essential for delivering high-quality forage. Therefore, it is critical to determine how climate change and management might affect the functioning of forage agroecosystems. The objective of this study was to explore the potential of sainfoin swards under different management regimes by combining results from an experiment on species diversity effects on yield developed under extreme climatic conditions and a survey of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) swards and nutritive value in mountain regions in Catalonia, Western Mediterranean. Our results show that 12–59% of the variability in forage nutritive value parameters was accounted for by management. Young cattle-grazed swards showed higher nutrition quality that decreased faster than sheep-grazed or only mown swards. Mixing sainfoin with orchardgrass increased fiber content (e.g., +22% neutral detergent fiber) and decreased protein (-26%) and lignin (-11%) compared to sainfoin monocultures. However, under the extreme climatic conditions of the last three years, the only diversity effect found on yield was the identity of the species present. We propose that a combination of different sainfoin management regimes might be beneficial regionally for both quality forage production and overall biodiversity conservation, whereas traditional systems may be vulnerable to changing climatic conditions. Keywords: agroecosystem management; cattle grazing; extreme climatic events; nutrition value; quality forage yield; sheep grazing Author: M.-Teresa Sebastià, Fatemeh Banagar, Noemí Palero, Mercedes Ibáñez and Josefina Plaixats Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Dec 19 13:26:35 2023 CET ModDate: Tue Dec 19 13:30:21 2023 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 15 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 2223884 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- OBXRSB+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 IWOXKE+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 YDAASA+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 20 0 EXRBLO+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 24 0 YFFKLH+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 28 0 OTZEDH+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 32 0 VRCDRB+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 50 0 PPNGPD+CambriaMath CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes no 87 0 PPNCFG+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 92 0 PPNCFI+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 95 0 PPNCGK+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 98 0 ZYYJXI+EURB10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 107 0 PPNGPD+CambriaMath CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes no 118 0 PPNCFG+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 123 0 PPNCFI+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 126 0 PPNCGK+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 129 0 PPNGPD+CambriaMath CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes no 142 0 PPNCFG+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 147 0 PPNCFI+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 150 0 PPNCGK+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 153 0 EFLONC+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 175 0 EFLOND+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 178 0 EFLOOD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 184 0 EFLOOF+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 187 0 EFLPID+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 190 0 EFLONC+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 212 0 EFLOND+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 215 0 EFLOOD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 221 0 EFLOOF+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 224 0 EFLPID+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 227 0 PPNCFG+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 240 0 PPNCFH+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 243 0 PPNCFI+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 249 0 PPNCGK+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 252 0 PPNCMK+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 255 0 QSSHTV+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes no 272 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-05-10 02:42:12 CEST RepresentationInformation: AGR_a2024v14n6.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2024-05-09 13:00:22 CEST Size: 2223884 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 526 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Experimental Set-Up to Investigate Sainfoin Yield under Extreme Climate Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Survey to Investigate Sainfoin Quality under Different Management Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Determination of Herbage Quality Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Data Analysis Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Sainfoin Yield Response to Extreme Climate Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Sainfoin Quality Response to Management Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.6 Info: Title: Quality Production of Sainfoin Swards Challenged by Global Change in Mountain Areas in the Western Mediterranean Author: M.-Teresa Sebastià, Fatemeh Banagar, Noemí Palero, Mercedes Ibáñez and Josefina Plaixats Subject: Legume-based livestock forage systems are widespread and socially relevant agroecosystems that are essential for delivering high-quality forage. Therefore, it is critical to determine how climate change and management might affect the functioning of forage agroecosystems. The objective of this study was to explore the potential of sainfoin swards under different management regimes by combining results from an experiment on species diversity effects on yield developed under extreme climatic conditions and a survey of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) swards and nutritive value in mountain regions in Catalonia, Western Mediterranean. Our results show that 12 59% of the variability in forage nutritive value parameters was accounted for by management. Young cattle-grazed swards showed higher nutrition quality that decreased faster than sheep-grazed or only mown swards. Mixing sainfoin with orchardgrass increased fiber content (e.g., +22% neutral detergent fiber) and decreased protein (-26%) and lignin (-11%) compared to sainfoin monocultures. However, under the extreme climatic conditions of the last three years, the only diversity effect found on yield was the identity of the species present. We propose that a combination of different sainfoin management regimes might be beneficial regionally for both quality forage production and overall biodiversity conservation, whereas traditional systems may be vulnerable to changing climatic conditions. Keywords: agroecosystem management; cattle grazing; extreme climatic events; nutrition value; quality forage yield; sheep grazing Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Tue Dec 19 13:26:35 CET 2023 ModDate: Tue Dec 19 13:30:21 CET 2023 ID: 0xee684cf2d666a66bfd237036cd01f6ba, 0xee684cf2d666a66bfd237036cd01f6ba Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: OTZEDH+VnURWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 160 LastChar: 189 FontDescriptor: FontName: OTZEDH+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: QSSHTV+VnURWPalladioL-Italic FontSubset: true FirstChar: 160 LastChar: 178 FontDescriptor: FontName: QSSHTV+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: YDAASA+URWPalladioL-Roma FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 252 FontDescriptor: FontName: YDAASA+URWPalladioL-Roma Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: EXRBLO+URWPalladioL-Ital FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 121 FontDescriptor: FontName: EXRBLO+URWPalladioL-Ital Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: OBXRSB+VnURWPalladioL FontSubset: true FirstChar: 128 LastChar: 243 FontDescriptor: FontName: OBXRSB+VnURWPalladioL Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Font: BaseFont: ZYYJXI+EURB10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 12 LastChar: 12 FontDescriptor: FontName: ZYYJXI+EURB10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -30, -247, 1178, 723 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: YFFKLH+CMSY10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 0 LastChar: 48 FontDescriptor: FontName: YFFKLH+CMSY10 Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -29, -960, 1116, 775 FontFile: true Font: BaseFont: IWOXKE+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 2 LastChar: 241 FontDescriptor: FontName: IWOXKE+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true Pages: Page: Sequence: 1 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 72, 279, 152, 288 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 267, 96, 276 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 164, 96, 186 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 126, 90, 154, 99 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 78, 147, 87 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 756, 168, 792 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 515, 756, 560, 792 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 140, 660, 151, 674 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 246, 660, 257, 674 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 534, 660, 545, 674 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 317, 186, 324, 195 ActionDest: 266 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 324, 186, 331, 195 ActionDest: 266 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 368, 173, 375, 183 ActionDest: 266 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 376, 174, 383, 183 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 266, 123, 273, 132 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 444, 123, 451, 132 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 191, 96, 560, 108 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 165, 83, 213, 95 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 111, 17, 271, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 400, 17, 560, 28 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 34, 365, 87, 384 Page: Sequence: 2 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 430, 710, 437, 719 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 445, 708, 560, 720 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 165, 695, 394, 707 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 389, 685, 396, 694 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 168, 657, 418, 669 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 391, 647, 398, 657 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 434, 622, 441, 631 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 543, 622, 555, 631 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 597, 556, 606 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 223, 572, 230, 581 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 509, 560, 521, 569 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 265, 535, 277, 544 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 235, 509, 247, 519 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 323, 510, 334, 519 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 305, 472, 317, 481 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 320, 472, 332, 481 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 262, 459, 274, 468 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 274, 459, 286, 468 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 419, 459, 431, 468 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 431, 459, 443, 468 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 444, 459, 456, 468 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 383, 447, 395, 456 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 473, 447, 485, 456 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 342, 409, 354, 418 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 354, 409, 366, 418 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 545, 396, 557, 406 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 243, 384, 255, 393 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 452, 334, 463, 343 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 395, 321, 407, 330 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 494, 309, 501, 318 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 502, 309, 513, 318 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 514, 309, 526, 318 ActionDest: 276 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 260, 271, 272, 280 ActionDest: 276 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 348, 271, 360, 280 ActionDest: 276 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 424, 271, 436, 280 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 525, 271, 532, 280 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 249, 221, 261, 230 ActionDest: 276 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 254, 196, 266, 205 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 266, 196, 278, 205 ActionDest: 276 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 281, 196, 293, 205 ActionDest: 276 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 529, 196, 541, 205 ActionDest: 276 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 196, 556, 205 ActionDest: 276 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 336, 170, 343, 180 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 263, 145, 270, 154 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 271, 145, 282, 154 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 108, 556, 117 ActionDest: 269 Page: Sequence: 3 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 278, 735, 285, 744 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 497, 710, 509, 719 ActionDest: 276 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 440, 698, 447, 707 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 531, 169, 543, 178 ActionDest: 276 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 543, 169, 555, 178 ActionDest: 276 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 367, 132, 379, 141 ActionDest: 276 Page: Sequence: 4 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 350, 371, 362, 380 ActionDest: 276 Page: Sequence: 5 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 484, 597, 496, 606 ActionDest: 276 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 515, 534, 527, 543 ActionDest: 276 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 247, 482, 259, 491 ActionDest: 276 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 322, 419, 334, 428 ActionDest: 276 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 335, 419, 347, 428 ActionDest: 276 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 523, 356, 535, 365 ActionDest: 276 Page: Sequence: 6 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 510, 556, 519 ActionDest: 276 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 374, 497, 386, 506 ActionDest: 276 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 288, 430, 295, 442 ActionDest: 104 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 549, 430, 556, 442 ActionDest: 104 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 355, 405, 362, 417 ActionDest: 104 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 525, 393, 532, 405 ActionDest: 104 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 462, 355, 469, 367 ActionDest: 104 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 457, 342, 464, 354 ActionDest: 104 Page: Sequence: 7 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 276, 82, 283, 94 ActionDest: 159 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 306, 69, 313, 81 ActionDest: 159 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 376, 57, 383, 69 ActionDest: 159 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 416, 57, 423, 69 ActionDest: 104 Page: Sequence: 8 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 460, 733, 467, 745 ActionDest: 159 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 502, 733, 509, 745 ActionDest: 104 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 513, 708, 520, 720 ActionDest: 159 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 190, 460, 197, 472 ActionDest: 159 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 550, 460, 557, 472 ActionDest: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 460, 435, 467, 447 ActionDest: 159 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 501, 435, 508, 447 ActionDest: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 445, 410, 452, 422 ActionDest: 159 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 489, 410, 496, 422 ActionDest: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 411, 384, 418, 396 ActionDest: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 313, 372, 320, 384 ActionDest: 159 Page: Sequence: 9 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 324, 476, 330, 488 ActionDest: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 230, 464, 237, 476 ActionDest: 159 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 198, 438, 205, 450 ActionDest: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 273, 413, 280, 425 ActionDest: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 548, 388, 555, 400 ActionDest: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 464, 325, 471, 337 ActionDest: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 532, 313, 539, 325 ActionDest: 196 Page: Sequence: 10 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 340, 607, 347, 619 ActionDest: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 196, 544, 203, 556 ActionDest: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 524, 544, 531, 556 ActionDest: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 200, 406, 207, 418 ActionDest: 104 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 465, 381, 472, 393 ActionDest: 159 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 352, 371, 363, 380 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 445, 346, 457, 355 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 549, 318, 556, 330 ActionDest: 104 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 257, 208, 269, 217 ActionDest: 276 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 272, 208, 284, 217 ActionDest: 276 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 256, 183, 268, 192 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 269, 183, 281, 192 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 281, 183, 293, 192 ActionDest: 276 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 294, 183, 306, 192 ActionDest: 276 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 509, 170, 521, 179 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 522, 170, 534, 179 ActionDest: 276 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 195, 142, 202, 154 ActionDest: 159 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 243, 142, 250, 154 ActionDest: 104 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 272, 142, 279, 154 ActionDest: 104 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 464, 130, 471, 142 ActionDest: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 218, 82, 230, 91 ActionDest: 269 Page: Sequence: 11 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 200, 720, 208, 732 ActionDest: 104 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 215, 723, 222, 732 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 222, 723, 234, 732 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 235, 723, 247, 732 ActionDest: 276 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 196, 695, 203, 707 ActionDest: 159 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 241, 695, 248, 707 ActionDest: 104 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 261, 635, 268, 644 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 269, 635, 281, 644 ActionDest: 276 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 486, 620, 493, 632 ActionDest: 159 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 436, 610, 448, 619 ActionDest: 279 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 325, 570, 332, 582 ActionDest: 159 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 340, 557, 347, 569 ActionDest: 159 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 384, 557, 391, 569 ActionDest: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 551, 544, 558, 556 ActionDest: 159 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 201, 532, 208, 544 ActionDest: 104 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 229, 532, 236, 544 ActionDest: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 552, 519, 559, 531 ActionDest: 159 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 201, 507, 208, 519 ActionDest: 104 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 228, 507, 235, 519 ActionDest: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 245, 494, 252, 506 ActionDest: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 497, 556, 506 ActionDest: 279 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 534, 482, 541, 494 ActionDest: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 478, 469, 485, 481 ActionDest: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 545, 459, 556, 468 ActionDest: 276 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 242, 419, 249, 431 ActionDest: 104 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 270, 419, 277, 431 ActionDest: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 351, 394, 358, 406 ActionDest: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 311, 344, 318, 356 ActionDest: 104 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 337, 344, 344, 356 ActionDest: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 306, 319, 314, 331 ActionDest: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 531, 309, 543, 318 ActionDest: 276 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 309, 556, 318 ActionDest: 279 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 305, 296, 312, 305 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 469, 243, 476, 255 ActionDest: 196 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 193, 221, 200, 230 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 499, 133, 511, 142 ActionDest: 279 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 260, 95, 272, 104 ActionDest: 279 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 83, 556, 92 ActionDest: 279 Page: Sequence: 12 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 545, 736, 557, 744 ActionDest: 269 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 242, 723, 254, 732 ActionDest: 279 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 544, 673, 556, 682 ActionDest: 279 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 252, 660, 264, 669 ActionDest: 279 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 125, 96, 135 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 284, 101, 322, 112 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 328, 101, 364, 112 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 67, 96, 77 Page: Sequence: 13 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 135, 722, 173, 733 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 230, 699, 267, 710 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 130, 664, 167, 675 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 295, 618, 333, 629 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 211, 595, 249, 606 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 321, 572, 358, 583 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 109, 538, 146, 548 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 322, 514, 560, 525 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 174, 468, 211, 479 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 435, 96, 445 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 102, 435, 138, 445 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 412, 96, 422 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 224, 388, 261, 399 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 391, 365, 429, 376 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 343, 96, 353 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 358, 296, 395, 307 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 513, 273, 551, 284 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 120, 250, 157, 261 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 194, 216, 232, 226 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 315, 192, 353, 203 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 435, 169, 472, 180 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 136, 96, 146 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 101, 96, 111 Page: Sequence: 14 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 335, 722, 373, 733 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 131, 688, 168, 698 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 256, 652, 293, 664 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 416, 629, 453, 640 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 466, 595, 504, 606 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 104, 573, 142, 583 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 411, 537, 449, 548 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 285, 526, 467, 537 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 179, 491, 328, 502 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 148, 445, 185, 456 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 470, 422, 508, 433 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 514, 422, 550, 433 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 108, 400, 146, 410 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 161, 285, 199, 295 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 494, 227, 560, 238 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 56, 215, 105, 226 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 59, 170, 96, 180 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 113, 136, 150, 146 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 176, 89, 213, 100 Page: Sequence: 15 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 118, 711, 155, 721 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 161, 711, 197, 721 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 445, 687, 483, 698 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 505, 676, 542, 687 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 447, 641, 485, 652 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 245, 596, 282, 606 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 366, 572, 403, 583 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 144, 550, 182, 560 Checksum: b3bbbd99 Type: CRC32 Checksum: a29531f24402585978317e302e2594c4 Type: MD5 Checksum: ec7b2630dcf92b654fd7dd778420c5db46029e2f Type: SHA-1 Checksum: e86389a3fbb8a3daab37aab05213cab1450a9b52a6254c2968e204dc3d90404f Type: SHA-256