d1a257b17c2d048cf155c16dce2a9ec2 quaternary-07-00004.pdf e2066667436badc85d0491498c16c154ca958c06 quaternary-07-00004.pdf 026bf2c622a0f8e1a496b23287e637f28e78864066f34b920e4a5a49759ebc33 quaternary-07-00004.pdf Title: An Updated Review of The Quaternary Hippopotamus Fossil Records from the Iberian Peninsula Subject: This work presents a comprehensive review of the Quaternary fossil records of hippopotamuses from the Iberian Peninsula, unveiling biogeographical insights of global significance. The results presented herein include the inference of a delayed arrival of Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus antiquus) populations onto the Iberian Peninsula compared to other European Mediterranean regions, with an estimated age of ca. 1.7 Ma, in contrast to 2.1–2.2 Ma elsewhere. Moreover, we hypothesize the possibility of a short-lived coexistence between H. antiquus and Hippopotamus amphibius, close to the extinction of the former taxon (ca. 0.45 Ma). The local extinction of all hippopotamus populations on the Iberian Peninsula between MIS 5 and 3 is suggested here, mirroring proposals made for the Italian peninsula. Notable aspects of this fossil record include the abundance of specimens, previously undocumented anatomical elements, and partially complete individuals with articulated body segments. The remains analyzed herein also present different ontogenetic stages and sexual dimorphism. Moreover, the presence of specimens displaying paleopathologies provides valuable insights into ethological and paleoecological studies. The exceptional record of at least three events of human exploitation of hippopotamus stands out, with this being a rarity in the broader context of the archaeological and paleontological record of the European continent. Keywords: Pleistocene; Mediterranean; Spain; Portugal; biogeography; Hippopotamus antiquus; Hippopotamus amphibius Author: Darío Fidalgo, Joan Madurell-Malapeira, Roberta Martino, Luca Pandolfi and Antonio Rosas Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Wed Jan 10 09:56:57 2024 CET ModDate: Wed Jan 10 10:03:37 2024 CET Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 13 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 2763803 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- WLENKM+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 ZZQJBN+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 CBADON+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 21 0 CZUBWQ+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 QUIEPM+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 32 0 FZIFXD+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 54 0 PHJBCN+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 84 0 PHJBDN+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 87 0 PHJBDO+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 93 0 PHJBFA+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 96 0 PHJCCN+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 99 0 PHJBCN+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 113 0 PHJBDO+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 116 0 PHJBFA+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 119 0 PHJCCN+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 122 0 PHJBCN+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 133 0 PHJBDN+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 136 0 PHJBDO+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 142 0 PHJBFA+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 145 0 PHJCCN+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 148 0 XSXNBQ+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 170 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-03-13 02:29:21 CET RepresentationInformation: quaternary-07-00004.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2024-03-12 14:47:30 CET Size: 2763803 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 380 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Phylogenetic and Biogeographical Relationships of Hippopotamus of the Iberian Peninsula Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Paleoecological Considerations Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: appendix.A. Info: Title: An Updated Review of The Quaternary Hippopotamus Fossil Records from the Iberian Peninsula Author: Darío Fidalgo, Joan Madurell-Malapeira, Roberta Martino, Luca Pandolfi and Antonio Rosas Subject: This work presents a comprehensive review of the Quaternary fossil records of hippopotamuses from the Iberian Peninsula, unveiling biogeographical insights of global significance. The results presented herein include the inference of a delayed arrival of Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus antiquus) populations onto the Iberian Peninsula compared to other European Mediterranean regions, with an estimated age of ca. 1.7 Ma, in contrast to 2.1 2.2 Ma elsewhere. Moreover, we hypothesize the possibility of a short-lived coexistence between H. antiquus and Hippopotamus amphibius, close to the extinction of the former taxon (ca. 0.45 Ma). The local extinction of all hippopotamus populations on the Iberian Peninsula between MIS 5 and 3 is suggested here, mirroring proposals made for the Italian peninsula. Notable aspects of this fossil record include the abundance of specimens, previously undocumented anatomical elements, and partially complete individuals with articulated body segments. The remains analyzed herein also present different ontogenetic stages and sexual dimorphism. Moreover, the presence of specimens displaying paleopathologies provides valuable insights into ethological and paleoecological studies. The exceptional record of at least three events of human exploitation of hippopotamus stands out, with this being a rarity in the broader context of the archaeological and paleontological record of the European continent. 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