de2eae1719b8b0000ed7ed18194718c6 292033.pdf 54bb34e0822da3488ac9235e41c58fafb487d360 292033.pdf 754958b9070eb39b8555258e24bed0d2e015413334a8119612354e391e9c7620 292033.pdf Title: Conjoined Lumbosacral (L7-S1) Nerve Roots in a Dog Subject: Vertebral and spinal cord anomalies are well known in veterinary medicine. However, nerve root anomalies are seldomly reported. In human patients, nerve root anomalies can cause back pain and radicular pain. In human medicine, nerve root anomalies are more often found in cadaveric studies than in imaging studies, representing the lack of advanced imaging in the past and the unawareness about these pathologies. Additionally, nerve root anomalies can mimic other pathologies in imaging studies. It is important to know about the anatomy of the individual patient not only for correctly localizing the pathology but also for surgical planning and to prevent iatrogenic trauma to the patient. Conjoined nerve roots are a type of nerve root anomaly described in human medicine and are defined as two nerve roots that either share a common dural envelope at some point during their course from the dural sac or that have their origin very close together in the dural sac. In humans, lumbosacral nerve roots are most commonly conjoined, and signs of pain may be associated with this anomaly. We report the magnetic resonance imaging finding of right-sided conjoined L7 and S1 nerve roots in a dog that presented with lumbosacral hyperesthesia. We postulate that it is possible that the conjoined nerve roots played a role in the clinical signs of this dog. This is an anomaly that has not been reported before in veterinary medicine. Keywords: conjoined nerve roots; anatomical variant; cauda equina; canine Author: Esther Lichtenauer, Koen Santifort, Dorien Willems, Vicente Aige-Gil and Niklas Bergknut Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Wed Jan 3 09:49:15 2024 CET ModDate: Wed Jan 3 09:50:42 2024 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 7 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1187124 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- DKFPNL+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 IYDDDT+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 TSIYJH+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 AWDIHQ+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 KCBENP+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 71 0 KCBEOB+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 74 0 KCBEPD+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 77 0 KCBFDC+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 80 0 KCBENP+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 92 0 KCBEOB+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 95 0 KCBEPD+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 98 0 KCBFDC+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 101 0 AOPHAZ+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 109 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-02 02:42:55 CEST RepresentationInformation: 292033.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2024-05-24 10:46:01 CEST Size: 1187124 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 235 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Case Description Destination: section.2 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.3 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.4 Item: Title: References Destination: section.5 Info: Title: Conjoined Lumbosacral (L7-S1) Nerve Roots in a Dog Author: Esther Lichtenauer, Koen Santifort, Dorien Willems, Vicente Aige-Gil and Niklas Bergknut Subject: Vertebral and spinal cord anomalies are well known in veterinary medicine. However, nerve root anomalies are seldomly reported. In human patients, nerve root anomalies can cause back pain and radicular pain. In human medicine, nerve root anomalies are more often found in cadaveric studies than in imaging studies, representing the lack of advanced imaging in the past and the unawareness about these pathologies. Additionally, nerve root anomalies can mimic other pathologies in imaging studies. It is important to know about the anatomy of the individual patient not only for correctly localizing the pathology but also for surgical planning and to prevent iatrogenic trauma to the patient. Conjoined nerve roots are a type of nerve root anomaly described in human medicine and are defined as two nerve roots that either share a common dural envelope at some point during their course from the dural sac or that have their origin very close together in the dural sac. In humans, lumbosacral nerve roots are most commonly conjoined, and signs of pain may be associated with this anomaly. We report the magnetic resonance imaging finding of right-sided conjoined L7 and S1 nerve roots in a dog that presented with lumbosacral hyperesthesia. We postulate that it is possible that the conjoined nerve roots played a role in the clinical signs of this dog. This is an anomaly that has not been reported before in veterinary medicine. 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