4ac5cc3cc986f39f73e6d388d9196575 microbiolres1500043.pdf 1bdcbdd06a5277dbd111318bd47046b6a075d49a microbiolres1500043.pdf 6ae0f2c49bba78a3aaa9d66c0832ebf46d296027b873cc6a29693aeebb22d1ed microbiolres1500043.pdf Title: Exposure of Dairy Cows to Coxiella burnetii in Greece: Surveillance Results and Association of Bacterial Presence with Environmental Variables Subject: The exposure of dairy cows to Coxiella burnetii using molecular and serological techniques was investigated in this study. Bulk tank milk and serum samples were collected from various farms in Greece (mainly northern Greece). DNA extraction was performed on milk samples, and qPCR targeting the IS1111 insertion sequence was performed to detect bacterial pathogens. An ELISA was used to detect specific antibodies in bulk milk and individual serum samples. Data on farms were collected in the field using handheld Global Positioning System Garmin units. The collected data were analyzed using an Ecological Niche Model within the framework of a geographic information system. The results indicated that in more than half of the dairy farms (35/60, 58.3%), C. burnetii is present in milk. Specific antibodies were also detected in almost all milk samples (57/60, 95.0%). At least one seropositive animal was identified using ELISA in the majority of the examined farms (25/28, 89.3%). C. burnetii PCR-positive farms were located in the low-altitude zone with a mean value of 97 m above sea level (range: 2–681). The environmental variable with the highest gain when used in isolation is precipitation in the wettest quarter (28.3% contribution), which therefore appears to have the most useful information by itself. The environmental variable that decreases the gain the most when omitted is the minimal temperature of the coldest month (6.9% contribution). The analysis demonstrated that a mild climate with low precipitation favors a positive status. The exposure of dairy cattle farms to C. burnetii is massive, raising significant concerns regarding livestock production and public health implications. Keywords: Coxiella burnetii; Q fever; cattle; Greece; exposure; ΕNM; GIS; maximum entropy Author: George Valiakos, Ioannis Gouvias, Marios Lysitsas, Ilias Bouzalas, Stefania Tampach, Eleni Malissiova, Alexis Giannakopoulos, Constantina N. Tsokana, Dimitrios Vourvidis, Anna Kyrma and Charalambos Billinis Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Thu Apr 25 11:59:57 2024 CEST ModDate: Thu Apr 25 12:09:47 2024 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 12 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 4300979 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- HXMMLI+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 DTEKQL+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 MNPFUH+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 XSBOPQ+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 DJHTWJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 32 0 HCFBGJ+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 78 0 HCFBGK+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 81 0 HCFBGL+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 87 0 HCFBHN+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 90 0 HCFCDL+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 93 0 OVNEXW+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 100 0 RWBCRL+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 105 0 HCFBGJ+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 123 0 HCFBGK+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 126 0 HCFBGL+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 132 0 HCFBHN+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 135 0 HCFCDL+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 138 0 HCFBGJ+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 153 0 HCFBGK+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 156 0 HCFBGL+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 162 0 HCFBHN+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 165 0 HCFCDL+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 168 0 HCFBGJ+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 182 0 HCFBGK+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 185 0 HCFBGL+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 191 0 HCFBHN+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 194 0 HCFCDL+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 197 0 HCFBGJ+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 209 0 HCFBGK+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 212 0 HCFBGL+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 218 0 HCFBHN+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 221 0 HCFCDL+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 224 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-10-22 02:42:11 CEST RepresentationInformation: microbiolres1500043.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2024-10-16 11:44:58 CEST Size: 4300979 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 396 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Study Area and Farm Selection Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Sample Collection Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Serological Assays Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Molecular Assays Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Geographical Information System Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Environmental Parameters Destination: subsection.2.6 Item: Title: Ecological Niche Model Destination: subsection.2.7 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: References Destination: appendix.A. Info: Title: Exposure of Dairy Cows to Coxiella burnetii in Greece: Surveillance Results and Association of Bacterial Presence with Environmental Variables Author: George Valiakos, Ioannis Gouvias, Marios Lysitsas, Ilias Bouzalas, Stefania Tampach, Eleni Malissiova, Alexis Giannakopoulos, Constantina N. Tsokana, Dimitrios Vourvidis, Anna Kyrma and Charalambos Billinis Subject: The exposure of dairy cows to Coxiella burnetii using molecular and serological techniques was investigated in this study. Bulk tank milk and serum samples were collected from various farms in Greece (mainly northern Greece). DNA extraction was performed on milk samples, and qPCR targeting the IS1111 insertion sequence was performed to detect bacterial pathogens. An ELISA was used to detect specific antibodies in bulk milk and individual serum samples. Data on farms were collected in the field using handheld Global Positioning System Garmin units. The collected data were analyzed using an Ecological Niche Model within the framework of a geographic information system. The results indicated that in more than half of the dairy farms (35/60, 58.3%), C. burnetii is present in milk. Specific antibodies were also detected in almost all milk samples (57/60, 95.0%). At least one seropositive animal was identified using ELISA in the majority of the examined farms (25/28, 89.3%). C. burnetii PCR-positive farms were located in the low-altitude zone with a mean value of 97 m above sea level (range: 2 681). The environmental variable with the highest gain when used in isolation is precipitation in the wettest quarter (28.3% contribution), which therefore appears to have the most useful information by itself. The environmental variable that decreases the gain the most when omitted is the minimal temperature of the coldest month (6.9% contribution). The analysis demonstrated that a mild climate with low precipitation favors a positive status. The exposure of dairy cattle farms to C. burnetii is massive, raising significant concerns regarding livestock production and public health implications. Keywords: ぃはへどづぬぬち〠ぢふひのづぴどど〻〠け〠てづぶづひ〻〠っちぴぴぬづ〻〠ぇひづづっづ〻〠づへばはびふひづ〻〠㎕ぎき〻〠ぇぉこ〻〠ねちへどねふね〠づのぴひはばべ Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Thu Apr 25 11:59:57 CEST 2024 ModDate: Thu Apr 25 12:09:47 CEST 2024 ID: 0x7343bfe1332cffe72dbe431195408762, 0x7343bfe1332cffe72dbe431195408762 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: DTEKQL+URWPalladioL-Bold FontSubset: true FirstChar: 3 LastChar: 122 FontDescriptor: FontName: DTEKQL+URWPalladioL-Bold Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -152, -301, 1000, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: DJHTWJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal FontSubset: true FirstChar: 67 LastChar: 120 FontDescriptor: FontName: DJHTWJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -300, 1073, 935 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: OVNEXW+EURM10 FontSubset: true FirstChar: 22 LastChar: 22 FontDescriptor: FontName: OVNEXW+EURM10 Flags: Symbolic 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