23efc8324d3d3b6da37696887afc9eb3 brainsci-14-00884.pdf c9058b76ac5e3f34a612b0f5411b03491919782f brainsci-14-00884.pdf 13abd6216914a405bec2abc4c1acdce97ff7fd5a817493383fa560fefb2298a5 brainsci-14-00884.pdf Title: Gender Differences in Prefrontal Cortex Response to Negative Emotional Stimuli in Drivers Subject: Background: Road safety improvement is a governmental priority due to driver-caused accidents. Driving style variation affects safety, with emotional regulation being pivotal. However, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) studies show inconsistent prefrontal cortex activity during emotion processing. This study examines prefrontal cortex response to negative emotional stimuli, particularly traffic accident images, across drivers diverse in age and gender. Method: The study involved 118 healthy males (44.38 12.98 years) and 84 females (38.89 10.60 years). The Multidimensional Driving Style Inventory (MDSI) was used to assess driving behavior alongside fNIRS recordings. Participants viewed traffic accident and neutral images while prefrontal oxygenation was monitored. Results: Women rated traffic accidents (t-test = 2.43; p < 0.016) and neutral images (t-test = 2.19; p < 0.030) lower in valence than men. Arousal differences were significant for traffic accident images (t-test = -3.06; p < 0.002). correlational analysis found an inverse relationship between Dissociative scale scores and oxygenation (all p-values 0.013). Greater prefrontal oxygenation occurred with neutral images compared to traffic accidents. Left hemisphere differences (t-test = 3.23; p < 0.001) exceeded right hemisphere differences (t-test = 2.46; p < 0.015). Subgroup analysis showed male participants to be driving these disparities. Among adaptive drivers, significant oxygenation differences between neutral and accident images were evident in both hemispheres (left: t-test = 2.72, p < 0.009; right: t-test = 2.22, p < 0.030). Conclusions: Male drivers with maladaptive driving styles, particularly dissociative ones, exhibit reduced prefrontal oxygenation when exposed to neutral and traffic accident images. This response was absent in female drivers, with no notable age-related differences. Keywords: fNIRs; driving adaptive style; prefrontal cortex; emotions Author: Ferran Balada, Anton Aluja, Óscar García, Neus Aymamí and Luis F. García Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Fri Aug 30 13:10:24 2024 CEST ModDate: Fri Aug 30 13:33:37 2024 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 13 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 2597743 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- NOJZYY+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 JRUIGT+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 CXULPG+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 HEWSVS+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 KOSUXD+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 32 0 DRXAWD+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 37 0 SLUQMQ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 53 0 GPGDGE+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 79 0 GPGDGF+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 82 0 GPGDGG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 88 0 GPGDGI+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 91 0 GPGEMB+TimesNewRoman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 94 0 LRMGWC+PazoMath-Italic Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 107 0 OVNEXW+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 112 0 CZOINJ+EURB10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 120 0 ASSBYR+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 125 0 GPGDGE+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 136 0 GPGDGF+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 139 0 GPGDGG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 145 0 GPGDGI+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 148 0 GPGDMG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 151 0 GPGEMB+TimesNewRoman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 154 0 GPGDGE+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 167 0 GPGDGF+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 170 0 GPGDGG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 176 0 GPGDGI+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 179 0 GPGDMG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 182 0 GPGEMB+TimesNewRoman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 185 0 GPGDGE+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 197 0 GPGDGF+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 200 0 GPGDGG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 206 0 GPGDGH+PalatinoLinotype,Italic CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 209 0 GPGDGI+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 215 0 GPGDMG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 218 0 GPGEMB+TimesNewRoman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 221 0 GPGDGE+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 234 0 GPGDGF+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 237 0 GPGDGG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 243 0 GPGDGI+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 246 0 GPGDMG+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 249 0 GPGEMB+TimesNewRoman CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 252 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-01-21 02:39:24 CET RepresentationInformation: brainsci-14-00884.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-01-17 01:35:14 CET Size: 2597743 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 461 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Method Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Participants and Procedure Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Material Destination: subsection.2.2 Children: Item: Title: Multidimensional Driving Style Inventory (MDSI) Destination: subsubsection.2.2.1 Item: Title: Pictures Destination: subsubsection.2.2.2 Item: Title: fNIR Recording and Data Analysis Destination: subsubsection.2.2.3 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: subsubsection.2.2.4 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.6 Info: Title: Gender Differences in Prefrontal Cortex Response to Negative Emotional Stimuli in Drivers Author: Ferran Balada, Anton Aluja, Óscar García, Neus Aymamí and Luis F. García Subject: Background: Road safety improvement is a governmental priority due to driver-caused accidents. Driving style variation affects safety, with emotional regulation being pivotal. However, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) studies show inconsistent prefrontal cortex activity during emotion processing. This study examines prefrontal cortex response to negative emotional stimuli, particularly traffic accident images, across drivers diverse in age and gender. Method: The study involved 118 healthy males (44.38 12.98 years) and 84 females (38.89 10.60 years). The Multidimensional Driving Style Inventory (MDSI) was used to assess driving behavior alongside fNIRS recordings. Participants viewed traffic accident and neutral images while prefrontal oxygenation was monitored. Results: Women rated traffic accidents (t-test = 2.43; p < 0.016) and neutral images (t-test = 2.19; p < 0.030) lower in valence than men. Arousal differences were significant for traffic accident images (t-test = -3.06; p < 0.002). correlational analysis found an inverse relationship between Dissociative scale scores and oxygenation (all p-values 0.013). Greater prefrontal oxygenation occurred with neutral images compared to traffic accidents. Left hemisphere differences (t-test = 3.23; p < 0.001) exceeded right hemisphere differences (t-test = 2.46; p < 0.015). Subgroup analysis showed male participants to be driving these disparities. Among adaptive drivers, significant oxygenation differences between neutral and accident images were evident in both hemispheres (left: t-test = 2.72, p < 0.009; right: t-test = 2.22, p < 0.030). Conclusions: Male drivers with maladaptive driving styles, particularly dissociative ones, exhibit reduced prefrontal oxygenation when exposed to neutral and traffic accident images. This response was absent in female drivers, with no notable age-related differences. 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