a42aec723cd9dee3ce89533e06866031 microorganisms-12-02631.pdf d1fdad2c8ce682d59d45e97a9852925768f9275f microorganisms-12-02631.pdf 9ffe7996b2becb655cf9072f7338cfbcc947d42ee7a0912d34c36b19f3d63e70 microorganisms-12-02631.pdf Title: Mercury-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from an Estuarine Ecosystem with Detoxification Potential Subject: Mercury pollution is a significant environmental issue, primarily resulting from industrial activities, including gold mining extraction. In this study, 333 microorganisms were tested in increasing mercury concentrations, where 158 bacteria and 14 fungi were able to grow and remain viable at concentrations over 5.0 mg/L of mercuric chloride (II). One of the bacterial strains, Stenotrophomonas sp. INV PRT0231, isolated from the mouth of the San Juan River in the Chocó region in Colombia, showed a high mercury resistance level (MIC90 of 27 9 mg/L), with a removal rate of 86.9%, an absorption rate of 1.2%, and a volatilization rate of 85.7% at pH 6.0 and 30.0 C. The FTIR analysis showed changes in the functional groups, including fatty acid chains and methyl groups, proteins, and lipopolysaccharides associated with the carboxylate group (COO-), suggesting an important role of these biomolecules and their associated functional groups as mechanisms employed by the bacterium for mercury detoxification. Our study contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms of mercury biotransformation in microbial environmental isolates to help develop bioremediation strategies to mitigate mercury pollution caused by anthropogenic activities. Keywords: mercury detoxification; volatilization; Stenotrophomonas sp. Author: Marynes Quintero, Sol D. Zuluaga-Valencia, Lady Giselle Ríos-López, Olga Sánchez, Cesar A. Bernal, Niza Sepúlveda and Javier Gómez-León Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Thu Dec 19 06:38:18 2024 CET ModDate: Thu Dec 19 06:39:47 2024 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 16 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 1567413 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- JCYIDT+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 JJIFJL+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 LEUQQZ+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 RRFPWL+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 NTJMOU+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 32 0 XNWNGU+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 37 0 SIXRFS+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 53 0 OVNEXW+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 70 0 CZKGAS+CMR10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 78 0 ZPGVCH+CMEX10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 89 0 JOLBOB+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 112 0 JOLBOC+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 115 0 JOLBOD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 121 0 JOLBOF+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 124 0 JOLDFA+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 141 0 JOLBOB+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 144 0 JOLBOD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 147 0 JOLBOF+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 150 0 JOLCFE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 153 0 JOLBOB+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 171 0 JOLBOC+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 174 0 JOLBOD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 180 0 JOLBOF+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 183 0 JOLCFE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 186 0 JOLBOB+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 207 0 JOLBOC+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 210 0 JOLBOD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 216 0 JOLBOF+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 219 0 JOLCFE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 222 0 XIRVNA+EURB10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 231 0 JOLBOB+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 252 0 JOLBOC+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 255 0 JOLBOD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 261 0 JOLBOF+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 264 0 JOLCFE+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 267 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-02-14 02:54:21 CET RepresentationInformation: microorganisms-12-02631.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-02-12 07:38:30 CET Size: 1567413 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 472 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Culture of Microorganisms Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Mercury Resistance Assay Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Assays Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Taxonomic Identification Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Measurement of Bacterial Growth and Mercury Concentration in Liquid Medium Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Mercury Reduction at pH 6.0 Destination: subsection.2.6 Item: Title: Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Analysis Destination: subsection.2.7 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: subsection.2.8 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Mercury Tolerance Assay Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Taxonomic Identification of Selected Strains Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Growth Curves of Selected Candidates Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Mercury Reduction of Stenotrophomonas sp. INV PRT0231 in Acidic Conditions Destination: subsection.3.4 Item: Title: FT-IR Analysis Destination: subsection.3.5 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: appendix.A. Info: Title: Mercury-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from an Estuarine Ecosystem with Detoxification Potential Author: Marynes Quintero, Sol D. Zuluaga-Valencia, Lady Giselle Ríos-López, Olga Sánchez, Cesar A. Bernal, Niza Sepúlveda and Javier Gómez-León Subject: Mercury pollution is a significant environmental issue, primarily resulting from industrial activities, including gold mining extraction. In this study, 333 microorganisms were tested in increasing mercury concentrations, where 158 bacteria and 14 fungi were able to grow and remain viable at concentrations over 5.0 mg/L of mercuric chloride (II). One of the bacterial strains, Stenotrophomonas sp. INV PRT0231, isolated from the mouth of the San Juan River in the Chocó region in Colombia, showed a high mercury resistance level (MIC90 of 27 9 mg/L), with a removal rate of 86.9%, an absorption rate of 1.2%, and a volatilization rate of 85.7% at pH 6.0 and 30.0 C. The FTIR analysis showed changes in the functional groups, including fatty acid chains and methyl groups, proteins, and lipopolysaccharides associated with the carboxylate group (COO-), suggesting an important role of these biomolecules and their associated functional groups as mechanisms employed by the bacterium for mercury detoxification. Our study contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms of mercury biotransformation in microbial environmental isolates to help develop bioremediation strategies to mitigate mercury pollution caused by anthropogenic activities. Keywords: mercury detoxification; volatilization; Stenotrophomonas sp. 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