c09fe38f24bd32cd4ef0e2ab5823b509 minerals-14-00639-v2.pdf f2f4534a2c47da7a6adeb1dcbb0ac352d2a591b0 minerals-14-00639-v2.pdf c8213ab089a29dfc3861d8485a622c08b9ef8e8436f237d8f00cc34a89eb0955 minerals-14-00639-v2.pdf Title: New Strategies in Archaeometric Provenance Analyses of Volcanic Rock Grinding Stones: Examples from Iulia Libica (Spain) and Sidi Zahruni (Tunisia) Subject: Archaeometry can help archaeologists in many ways, and one of the most common archaeometric objectives is provenance analysis. Volcanic rocks are often found in archaeological sites as materials used to make grinding tools such as millstones and mortars or as building materials. Petrographic characterization is commonly applied to identify their main mineralogical components. However, the provenance study of volcanic stones is usually undertaken by comparing geochemical data from reference outcrops using common descriptive statistical tools such as biplots of chemical elements, and occasionally, unsupervised multivariate data analysis like principal component analysis (PCA) is also used. Recently, the use of supervised classification methods has shown a superior performance in assigning provenance to archaeological samples. However, these methods require the use of reference databases for all the possible provenance classes in order to train the classification models. The existence of comprehensive collections of published geochemical analyses of igneous rocks enables the use of the supervised approach for the provenance determination of volcanic stones. In this paper, the provenance of volcanic grinding tools from two archaeological sites (Iulia Libica, Spain, and Sidi Zahruni, Tunisia) is attempted using data from the GEOROC database through unsupervised and supervised approaches. The materials from Sidi Zahruni have been identified as basalts from Pantelleria (Italy), and the agreement between the different supervised classification models tested is particularly conclusive. In contrast, the provenance of the materials from Iulia Libica remained undetermined. The results illustrate the advantages and limitations of all the examined methods. Keywords: archaeometry; volcanic stone; grinding tools; provenance studies; supervised methods; machine learning; clustering; XRF Author: Lluís Casas, Roberta Di Febo, Anna Anglisano, África Pitarch Martí, Ignasi Queralt, Cèsar Carreras and Boutheina Fouzai Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Tue Jul 16 08:39:52 2024 CEST ModDate: Tue Jul 16 09:02:53 2024 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 25 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 24190324 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- UNIXKZ+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 ABPXTF+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 ABHVSO+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 XOFOWM+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 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JGGOEK+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 385 0 JGGOEL+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 391 0 JGGOFN+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 394 0 JGGOJM+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 397 0 JGGOEJ+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 415 0 JGGOEK+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 418 0 JGGOEL+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 424 0 JGGOFN+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 427 0 JGGOJM+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 430 0 JGGOEJ+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 442 0 JGGOEK+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 445 0 JGGOEL+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 451 0 JGGOFN+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 454 0 JGGOJM+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 457 0 FLSKTM+VnURWPalladioL-Italic Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 487 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2024-09-27 02:40:42 CEST RepresentationInformation: minerals-14-00639-v2.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2024-09-20 14:25:28 CEST Size: 24190324 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 695 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Archaeological Materials Destination: subsection.2.1 Children: Item: Title: Three Roman Millstones from Iulia Libica (Eastern Pyrenees) Destination: subsubsection.2.1.1 Item: Title: Volcanic Stone from Sidi Zahruni (Nabeul, NE Tunisia) Destination: subsubsection.2.1.2 Item: Title: Characterization Methods Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Petrography Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Geochemistry Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Geochemical Comparison with Reference Materials Destination: subsection.3.3 Children: Item: Title: Elemental and PCA Biplots Destination: subsubsection.3.3.1 Item: Title: Supervised Classification Methods Destination: subsubsection.3.3.2 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: appendix.A. Info: Title: New Strategies in Archaeometric Provenance Analyses of Volcanic Rock Grinding Stones: Examples from Iulia Libica (Spain) and Sidi Zahruni (Tunisia) Author: Lluís Casas, Roberta Di Febo, Anna Anglisano, África Pitarch Martí, Ignasi Queralt, Cèsar Carreras and Boutheina Fouzai Subject: Archaeometry can help archaeologists in many ways, and one of the most common archaeometric objectives is provenance analysis. Volcanic rocks are often found in archaeological sites as materials used to make grinding tools such as millstones and mortars or as building materials. Petrographic characterization is commonly applied to identify their main mineralogical components. However, the provenance study of volcanic stones is usually undertaken by comparing geochemical data from reference outcrops using common descriptive statistical tools such as biplots of chemical elements, and occasionally, unsupervised multivariate data analysis like principal component analysis (PCA) is also used. Recently, the use of supervised classification methods has shown a superior performance in assigning provenance to archaeological samples. However, these methods require the use of reference databases for all the possible provenance classes in order to train the classification models. The existence of comprehensive collections of published geochemical analyses of igneous rocks enables the use of the supervised approach for the provenance determination of volcanic stones. In this paper, the provenance of volcanic grinding tools from two archaeological sites (Iulia Libica, Spain, and Sidi Zahruni, Tunisia) is attempted using data from the GEOROC database through unsupervised and supervised approaches. The materials from Sidi Zahruni have been identified as basalts from Pantelleria (Italy), and the agreement between the different supervised classification models tested is particularly conclusive. In contrast, the provenance of the materials from Iulia Libica remained undetermined. The results illustrate the advantages and limitations of all the examined methods. 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