0d4316e6152676ff2adc7563ea6d2bdb remotesensing-16-03405.pdf 1d4d2c7386516780a44a76ba8668f27a8c5fbaff remotesensing-16-03405.pdf 7fff17eb0092aa10edf07315ed67be646b17476b26084140f1b5108600e57112 remotesensing-16-03405.pdf Title: Mapping the Influence of Olympic Games’ Urban Planning on the Land Surface Temperatures: An Estimation Using Landsat Series and Google Earth Engine Subject: The Olympic Games are a sporting event and a catalyst for urban development in their host city. In this study, we utilized remote sensing and GIS techniques to examine the impact of the Olympic infrastructure on the surface temperature of urban areas. Using Landsat Series Collection 2 Tier 1 Level 2 data and cloud computing provided by Google Earth Engine (GEE), this study examines the effects of various forms of Olympic Games facility urban planning in different historical moments and location typologies, as follows: monocentric, polycentric, peripheric and clustered Olympic ring. The GEE code applies to the Olympic Games that occurred from Paris 2024 to Montreal 1976. However, this paper focuses specifically on the representative cases of Paris 2024, Tokyo 2020, Rio 2016, Beijing 2008, Sydney 2000, Barcelona 1992, Seoul 1988, and Montreal 1976. The study is not only concerned with obtaining absolute land surface temperatures (LST), but rather the relative influence of mega-event infrastructures on mitigating or increasing the urban heat. As such, the locally normalized land surface temperature (NLST) was utilized for this purpose. In some cities (Paris, Tokyo, Beijing, and Barcelona), it has been determined that Olympic planning has resulted in the development of green spaces, creating “green spots” that contribute to lower-than-average temperatures. However, it should be noted that there is a significant variation in temperature within intensely built-up areas, such as Olympic villages and the surrounding areas of the Olympic stadium, which can become “hotspots.” Therefore, it is important to acknowledge that different planning typologies of Olympic infrastructure can have varying impacts on city heat islands, with the polycentric and clustered Olympic ring typologies displaying a mitigating effect. This research contributes to a cloud computing method that can be updated for future Olympic Games or adapted for other mega-events and utilizes a widely available remote sensing data source to study a specific urban planning context. Keywords: normalized land surface temperature; cloud computing; surface urban heat island Author: Joan-Cristian Padró, Valerio Della Sala, Marc Castelló-Bueno and Rafael Vicente-Salar Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Fri Sep 13 10:11:50 2024 CEST ModDate: Fri Sep 13 12:10:43 2024 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 35 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 6516264 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- RFLAVL+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 GKRPAI+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 PZSXMM+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 FAVGLI+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 23 0 SOZKOC+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 28 0 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CEST Size: 6516264 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 770 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Children: Item: Title: Olympic Games Urban Planning Destination: subsection.1.1 Children: Item: Title: Phase I: Minimal Transformation (1896 1924) Destination: subsubsection.1.1.1 Item: Title: Phase II: Emerging Spatial Organisation (1932 1956) Destination: subsubsection.1.1.2 Item: Title: Phase III: Reconfiguration of Cities (1960 1988) Destination: subsubsection.1.1.3 Item: Title: Phase IV: Large-Scale Urban Transformations (1992 2004) Destination: subsubsection.1.1.4 Item: Title: Phase V: Metropolitan Development (2008 2028) Destination: subsubsection.1.1.5 Item: Title: Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) Destination: subsection.1.2 Item: Title: Objectives and Article Structure Destination: subsection.1.3 Item: Title: Study Area, Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Study Area Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Materials Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Methods Destination: subsection.2.3 Children: Item: Title: Cloud Computing Processing Destination: subsubsection.2.3.1 Item: Title: GIS Analysis and Visualization Destination: subsubsection.2.3.2 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Mapping and Statistical Characterization of the Olympic Venues in Relation to Its Hosting City Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Thermal Transects: Sampling the Impact of the Olympic Facilities in Its Hosting Cities Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: City Land Surface Temperatures Related to the Olympic Factilites Land Surface Temperatures Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: NLST Validation Destination: subsection.3.4 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Towards a Sustainable Olympic Game Planning? Surface Thermal Mitigation Strategies Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Limitations of This Study Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.6 Info: Title: Mapping the Influence of Olympic Games’ Urban Planning on the Land Surface Temperatures: An Estimation Using Landsat Series and Google Earth Engine Author: Joan-Cristian Padró, Valerio Della Sala, Marc Castelló-Bueno and Rafael Vicente-Salar Subject: The Olympic Games are a sporting event and a catalyst for urban development in their host city. In this study, we utilized remote sensing and GIS techniques to examine the impact of the Olympic infrastructure on the surface temperature of urban areas. Using Landsat Series Collection 2 Tier 1 Level 2 data and cloud computing provided by Google Earth Engine (GEE), this study examines the effects of various forms of Olympic Games facility urban planning in different historical moments and location typologies, as follows: monocentric, polycentric, peripheric and clustered Olympic ring. The GEE code applies to the Olympic Games that occurred from Paris 2024 to Montreal 1976. However, this paper focuses specifically on the representative cases of Paris 2024, Tokyo 2020, Rio 2016, Beijing 2008, Sydney 2000, Barcelona 1992, Seoul 1988, and Montreal 1976. The study is not only concerned with obtaining absolute land surface temperatures (LST), but rather the relative influence of mega-event infrastructures on mitigating or increasing the urban heat. As such, the locally normalized land surface temperature (NLST) was utilized for this purpose. In some cities (Paris, Tokyo, Beijing, and Barcelona), it has been determined that Olympic planning has resulted in the development of green spaces, creating “green spots” that contribute to lower-than-average temperatures. However, it should be noted that there is a significant variation in temperature within intensely built-up areas, such as Olympic villages and the surrounding areas of the Olympic stadium, which can become “hotspots.” Therefore, it is important to acknowledge that different planning typologies of Olympic infrastructure can have varying impacts on city heat islands, with the polycentric and clustered Olympic ring typologies displaying a mitigating effect. This research contributes to a cloud computing method that can be updated for future Olympic Games or adapted for other mega-events and utilizes a widely available remote sensing data source to study a specific urban planning context. 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