51c564026a2df6f10c58197eb964cec9 304043.pdf e36ac40b3c64e4572952f84d9d6426d6ecd7ff74 304043.pdf 12088559823af04283b6132ac1285d4f14f8775fbd597564fb77d55f5b24dedd 304043.pdf Title: Advanced Strategies for the Fabrication of Multi-Material Anatomical Models of Complex Pediatric Oncologic Cases Subject: The printing and manufacturing of anatomical 3D models has gained popularity in complex surgical cases for surgical planning, simulation and training, the evaluation of anatomical relations, medical device testing and patient–professional communication. 3D models provide the haptic feedback that Virtual or Augmented Reality (VR/AR) cannot provide. However, there are many technologies and strategies for the production of 3D models. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to show and compare eight different strategies for the manufacture of surgical planning and training prototypes. The eight strategies for creating complex abdominal oncological anatomical models, based on eight common pediatric oncological cases, were developed using four common technologies (stereolithography (SLA), selectie laser sinterning (SLS), fused filament fabrication (FFF) and material jetting (MJ)) along with indirect and hybrid 3D printing methods. Nine materials were selected for their properties, with the final models assessed for application suitability, production time, viscoelastic mechanical properties (shore hardness and elastic modulus) and cost. The manufacturing and post-processing of each strategy is assessed, with times ranging from 12 h (FFF) to 61 h (hybridization of FFF and SLS), as labor times differ significantly. Cost per model variation is also significant, ranging from EUR 80 (FFF) to EUR 600 (MJ). The main limitation is the mimicry of physiological properties. Viscoelastic properties and the combination of materials, colors and textures are also substantially different according to the strategy and the intended use. It was concluded that MJ is the best overall option, although its use in hospitals is limited due to its cost. Consequently, indirect 3D printing could be a solid and cheaper alternative. Keywords: additive manufacturing; surgical planning prototypes; fused deposition modelling; fused filament fabrication; indirect 3D printing; selective laser sintering; material jetting; oncology; surgery; complex oncological cases Author: Arnau Valls-Esteve, Aitor Tejo-Otero, Núria Adell-Gómez, Pamela Lustig-Gainza, Felip Fenollosa-Artés, Irene Buj-Corral, Josep Rubio-Palau, Josep Munuera and Lucas Krauel Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Thu Dec 28 05:32:59 2023 CET ModDate: Thu Dec 28 05:54:10 2023 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 25 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 6178196 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- YAJGTT+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 BWAQGV+VnURWPalladioL 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Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: 3D Printing Technologies Destination: subsection.2.1 Children: Item: Title: Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) Destination: subsubsection.2.1.1 Item: Title: Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) Destination: subsubsection.2.1.2 Item: Title: Material Jetting (MJ) Destination: subsubsection.2.1.3 Item: Title: Stereolithography (SLA) Destination: subsubsection.2.1.4 Item: Title: Indirect 3D Printing Destination: subsubsection.2.1.5 Item: Title: Hybridization of AM Technologies Destination: subsubsection.2.1.6 Item: Title: Materials Destination: subsection.2.2 Children: Item: Title: FFF Destination: subsubsection.2.2.1 Item: Title: SLS Destination: subsubsection.2.2.2 Item: Title: MJ Destination: subsubsection.2.2.3 Item: Title: SLA Destination: subsubsection.2.2.4 Item: Title: 3D printing Software Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: 3D Printing Time Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: 3D Printing Costs Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: 3D-Printed Realistic Models Destination: subsection.3.1 Children: Item: Title: SLA Destination: subsubsection.3.1.1 Item: Title: FFF Destination: subsubsection.3.1.2 Item: Title: FFF Multi-Material Destination: subsubsection.3.1.3 Item: Title: SLS Destination: subsubsection.3.1.4 Item: Title: Hybridization of FFF and SLS Destination: subsubsection.3.1.5 Item: Title: Indirect 3D Printing Destination: subsubsection.3.1.6 Item: Title: Material Jetting Destination: subsubsection.3.1.7 Item: Title: Multi-Material Jetting Destination: subsubsection.3.1.8 Item: Title: 3D Printing and Processing Time Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Costs Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Comparison of Material Properties Destination: subsection.3.4 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: 3D Printing and Processing Time Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Costs Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Properties and Applications Destination: subsection.4.3 Item: Title: Mechanical Properties: Seeking to Mimic Real Tissue Destination: subsection.4.4 Item: Title: Comparison of Applications by AM Technologies Destination: subsection.4.5 Item: Title: Summary and Future Perspectives Destination: subsection.4.6 Item: Title: Limitations of the Present Study Destination: subsection.4.7 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.6 Info: Title: Advanced Strategies for the Fabrication of Multi-Material Anatomical Models of Complex Pediatric Oncologic Cases Author: Arnau Valls-Esteve, Aitor Tejo-Otero, Núria Adell-Gómez, Pamela Lustig-Gainza, Felip Fenollosa-Artés, Irene Buj-Corral, Josep Rubio-Palau, Josep Munuera and Lucas Krauel Subject: The printing and manufacturing of anatomical 3D models has gained popularity in complex surgical cases for surgical planning, simulation and training, the evaluation of anatomical relations, medical device testing and patient professional communication. 3D models provide the haptic feedback that Virtual or Augmented Reality (VR/AR) cannot provide. However, there are many technologies and strategies for the production of 3D models. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to show and compare eight different strategies for the manufacture of surgical planning and training prototypes. The eight strategies for creating complex abdominal oncological anatomical models, based on eight common pediatric oncological cases, were developed using four common technologies (stereolithography (SLA), selectie laser sinterning (SLS), fused filament fabrication (FFF) and material jetting (MJ)) along with indirect and hybrid 3D printing methods. Nine materials were selected for their properties, with the final models assessed for application suitability, production time, viscoelastic mechanical properties (shore hardness and elastic modulus) and cost. The manufacturing and post-processing of each strategy is assessed, with times ranging from 12 h (FFF) to 61 h (hybridization of FFF and SLS), as labor times differ significantly. Cost per model variation is also significant, ranging from EUR 80 (FFF) to EUR 600 (MJ). The main limitation is the mimicry of physiological properties. Viscoelastic properties and the combination of materials, colors and textures are also substantially different according to the strategy and the intended use. It was concluded that MJ is the best overall option, although its use in hospitals is limited due to its cost. Consequently, indirect 3D printing could be a solid and cheaper alternative. Keywords: additive manufacturing; surgical planning prototypes; fused deposition modelling; fused filament fabrication; indirect 3D printing; selective laser sintering; material jetting; oncology; surgery; complex oncological cases Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Thu Dec 28 05:32:59 CET 2023 ModDate: Thu Dec 28 05:54:10 CET 2023 ID: 0x6548b3bfc9ca6e08fe06ce480fc9ee3f, 0x6548b3bfc9ca6e08fe06ce480fc9ee3f Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode Fonts: Type1: Font: BaseFont: BWAQGV+VnURWPalladioL FontSubset: true FirstChar: 129 LastChar: 226 FontDescriptor: FontName: BWAQGV+VnURWPalladioL Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -166, -283, 1021, 943 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true Font: BaseFont: PSZPDF+URWPalladioL-Ital FontSubset: true FirstChar: 44 LastChar: 122 FontDescriptor: FontName: PSZPDF+URWPalladioL-Ital Flags: Symbolic FontBBox: -170, -305, 1010, 941 FontFile: true EncodingDictionary: Differences: true ToUnicode: true 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