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Jose M. Guerra Zoraida Moreno Weidmann Laura Perrotta Arian Sultan Ante Anic Andreas Metzner Rui Providencia Serge Boveda Julian Chun DOI: 10.1093/europace/euae012; Europace, 26, 2, .; Abstract: Aims: Although guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation (AF) are regularly published, many controversial issues remain, limiting their implementation. We aim to describe current clinical practice among European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) community according to last guidelines. Methods and results: A 30 multiple-choice questionnaire covering the most controversial topics related to AF management was distributed through the EHRA Research Network, National Societies, and social media between January and February 2023. One hundred and eighty-one physicians responded the survey, 61% from university hospitals. Atrial fibrillation screening in high-risk patients is regularly performed by 57%. Only 42% has access to at least one programme aiming at diagnosing/managing comorbidities and lifestyle modifications, with marked heterogeneity between countries. Direct oral anticoagulants are the preferred antithrombotic (97%). Rhythm control is the preferred strategy in most AF phenotypes: symptomatic vs. asymptomatic paroxysmal AF (97% vs. 77%), low vs. high risk for recurrence persistent AF (90% vs. 72%), and permanent AF (20%). I-C drugs and amiodarone are preferred while dronedarone and sotalol barely used. Ablation is the first-line therapy for symptomatic paroxysmal AF (69%) and persistent AF with markers of atrial disease (57%) and is performed independently of symptoms by 15%. In persistent AF, 68% performs only pulmonary vein isolation and 32% also additional lesions. Conclusion: There is marked heterogeneity in AF management and limited accordance to last guidelines in the EHRA community. Most of the discrepancies are related to the main controversial issues, such as those related to AF screening, management of comorbidities, pharmacological treatment, and ablation strategy. Atrial fibrillation Guidelines Clinical practice Comorbidities Anticoagulation Antiarrhythmic treatment Ablation © The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. PDFlib+PDI 9.0.7p3 (C++/Win64); modified using iTextSharp 4.1.6 by 1T3XT Journal Europace © The Author(s) 2024. 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