acc4d79c1930dd5a76bc39e90161323f 304075.pdf 4f64819d6984876b2621ccc438485b006952d4bd 304075.pdf 4dda55947c4b3c92520525ad920053b6bd7f825bca261edcdc90ccb475f385d4 304075.pdf Title: Urological Guidelines for Kidney Stones: Overview and Comprehensive Update Subject: Background: Evidence-based guidelines are published by urological organisations for various conditions, including urolithiasis. In this paper, we provide guidance on the management of kidney stone disease (KSD) and compare the American Urological Association (AUA) and European Association of Urologists (EAU) guidelines. Methods: We evaluate and appraise the evidence and grade of recommendation provided by the AUA and EAU guidelines on urolithiasis (both surgical and medical management). Results: Both the AUA and EAU guidelines provide guidance on the type of imaging, treatment options, and medical therapies and advice on specific patient groups, such as in paediatrics and pregnancy. While the guidelines are generally aligned and based on evidence, some subtle differences exist in the recommendations, but both are generally unanimous for the majority of the principles of management. Conclusions: We recommend that the guidelines should undergo regular updates based on recently published material, and while these guidelines provide a framework, treatment plans should still be personalised, respecting patient preferences, surgical expertise, and various other individual factors, to offer the best outcome for kidney stone patients. Keywords: kidney calculi; ureteroscopy; PCNL; bladder calculi; laser Author: Mahir Akram, Victoria Jahrreiss, Andreas Skolarikos, Robert Geraghty, Lazaros Tzelves, Esteban Emilliani, Niall F. Davis and Bhaskar K. Somani Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.21 CreationDate: Fri Feb 16 09:54:14 2024 CET ModDate: Fri Feb 16 09:56:19 2024 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 15 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 267972 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- OCZZKA+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes no 10 0 ZGIUGN+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes no 15 0 CMJSOB+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes no 19 0 XPUSBJ+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 37 0 BSDWLC+TimesNewRomanPSMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 40 0 IVTQIQ+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 61 0 CKBPVA+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes no 65 0 ZHUOTJ+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes no 103 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-01-13 02:36:09 CET RepresentationInformation: 304075.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-01-09 13:49:28 CET Size: 267972 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 320 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Initial Assessment Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Presentation and Evaluation Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Investigations Destination: subsection.2.2 Children: Item: Title: Renal and Ureteric Stones Destination: subsubsection.2.2.1 Item: Title: Bladder Stones Destination: subsubsection.2.2.2 Item: Title: Available Treatment Options and Their Specific Considerations Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Medical Treatment Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Oral Chemolysis Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Ureteroscopy (URS) Destination: subsection.3.4 Item: Title: Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) Destination: subsection.3.5 Item: Title: Open Surgery and Laparoscopy Destination: subsection.3.6 Item: Title: Management Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Renal Colic Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Obstruction, Sepsis, Anuria Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Ureteric Stones Destination: subsection.4.3 Children: Item: Title: Conservative Management/Medical Expulsive Therapy (MET) Destination: subsubsection.4.3.1 Item: Title: Active Treatment Destination: subsubsection.4.3.2 Item: Title: Renal Stones Destination: subsection.4.4 Children: Item: Title: Conservative Management Destination: subsubsection.4.4.1 Item: Title: Active Treatment Destination: subsubsection.4.4.2 Item: Title: Renal Pelvis or Upper/Middle Calyces Calculi Destination: subsubsection.4.4.3 Item: Title: Lower Pole Calculi Destination: subsubsection.4.4.4 Item: Title: Bladder Stones Destination: subsubsection.4.4.5 Item: Title: Specific Patient Groups Destination: section.5 Children: Item: Title: Paediatric Population Destination: subsection.5.1 Item: Title: Pregnancy Destination: subsection.5.2 Item: Title: Renal Transplant Patients Destination: subsection.5.3 Item: Title: Post-Procedural Imaging Destination: subsection.5.4 Item: Title: Recurrence Prevention and Metabolic Evaluation Destination: subsection.5.5 Item: Title: Calcium Oxalate Stones Destination: subsection.5.6 Item: Title: Uric Acid and Urate-Containing Stones Destination: subsection.5.7 Item: Title: Cystine Stones Destination: subsection.5.8 Item: Title: Calcium Phosphate Stones Destination: subsection.5.9 Item: Title: Struvite Stones Destination: subsection.5.10 Item: Title: Areas of Future Research Destination: section.6 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.7 Item: Title: References Destination: section.8 Info: Title: Urological Guidelines for Kidney Stones: Overview and Comprehensive Update Author: Mahir Akram, Victoria Jahrreiss, Andreas Skolarikos, Robert Geraghty, Lazaros Tzelves, Esteban Emilliani, Niall F. Davis and Bhaskar K. Somani Subject: Background: Evidence-based guidelines are published by urological organisations for various conditions, including urolithiasis. In this paper, we provide guidance on the management of kidney stone disease (KSD) and compare the American Urological Association (AUA) and European Association of Urologists (EAU) guidelines. Methods: We evaluate and appraise the evidence and grade of recommendation provided by the AUA and EAU guidelines on urolithiasis (both surgical and medical management). Results: Both the AUA and EAU guidelines provide guidance on the type of imaging, treatment options, and medical therapies and advice on specific patient groups, such as in paediatrics and pregnancy. While the guidelines are generally aligned and based on evidence, some subtle differences exist in the recommendations, but both are generally unanimous for the majority of the principles of management. Conclusions: We recommend that the guidelines should undergo regular updates based on recently published material, and while these guidelines provide a framework, treatment plans should still be personalised, respecting patient preferences, surgical expertise, and various other individual factors, to offer the best outcome for kidney stone patients. 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