e5c9b9aecb18b5904e974f6890dbafa1 306306.pdf 170620258d4283f93bcb37cc2736588904aaa7b6 306306.pdf 1c482e71bca61cc58520cb7389de02efa3b0c2635be34fc35dabc0223a04fa2d 306306.pdf Title: Ten tips on how to assess bone health in patients with chronic kidney disease Subject: DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfae093 Clinical Kidney Journal, 17, 5, 15-04-2024. Abstract: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience a several-fold increased risk of fracture. Despite the high incidence and the associated excess morbidity and premature mortality, bone fragility in CKD, or CKD-associated osteoporosis, remains a blind spot in nephrology with an immense treatment gap. Defining the bone phenotype is a prerequisite for the appropriate therapy of CKD-associated osteoporosis at the patient level. In the present review, we suggest 10 practical ‘tips and tricks’ for the assessment of bone health in patients with CKD. We describe the clinical, biochemical, and radiological evaluation of bone health, alongside the benefits and limitations of the available diagnostics. A bone biopsy, the gold standard for diagnosing renal bone disease, is invasive and not widely available; although useful in complex cases, we do not consider it an essential component of bone assessment in patients with CKD-associated osteoporosis. Furthermore, we advocate for the deployment of multidisciplinary expert teams at local, national, and potentially international level. Finally, we address the knowledge gaps in the diagnosis, particularly early detection, appropriate “real-time” monitoring of bone health in this highly vulnerable population, and emerging diagnostic tools, currently primarily used in research, that may be on the horizon of clinical practice. Keywords: bone density, chronic kidney disease 0 mineral and bone disorder, fracture, osteoporosis, renal osteodystrophy Author: Jørgensen Hanne Skou, Lloret Maria Jesús, Lalayiannis Alexander D., Shroff Rukshana, Evenepoel Pieter, , Bacchetta Justine, Bravenboer Nathalie, Ferreira Anibal, Fusaro Maria, Haarhaus Mathias, Lafage-Proust Marie-Helene Creator: OUP Producer: Acrobat Distiller 10.0.0 (Windows) CreationDate: Thu May 30 05:03:48 2024 CEST ModDate: Thu May 30 05:04:23 2024 CEST Custom Metadata: yes Metadata Stream: yes Tagged: yes UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 19 Encrypted: no Page size: 612.284 x 790.866 pts Page rot: 0 File size: 3180251 bytes Optimized: yes PDF version: 1.3 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- DLFDMN+CaeciliaLTStd-Bold Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 3846 0 DLFFMB+CaeciliaLTStd-Heavy Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 3851 0 DLFDMK+CaeciliaLTStd-Italic Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 3854 0 DLFDMM+CaeciliaLTStd-Roman Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 3857 0 DLFDML+dummy-space Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 3862 0 DLFHLF+MTSY Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 1125 0 DLFOLI+RMTMI Type 1C Custom yes yes yes 1135 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-01-21 02:39:02 CET RepresentationInformation: 306306.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-01-20 11:44:48 CET Size: 3180251 Format: PDF Version: 1.3 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf Profile: Linearized PDF, Tagged PDF PDFMetadata: Objects: 3939 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 1 DocumentCatalog: ViewerPreferences: HideToolbar: false HideMenubar: false HideWindowUI: false FitWindow: false CenterWindow: false DisplayDocTitle: true NonFullScreenPageMode: UseNone Direction: L2R ViewArea: CropBox ViewClip: CropBox PrintArea: CropBox PageClip: CropBox PageLayout: OneColumn PageMode: UseOutlines Language: English Outlines: Item: Title: INTRODUCTION Destination: section*.2 Item: Title: Be aware of the fracture burden in patients with CKD Destination: section*.4 Item: Title: Define the risk profile with the aid of a fracture prediction tool Destination: section*.6 Item: Title: Review medications and limit exposure to drugs affecting bone health Destination: section*.8 Item: Title: Assess musculoskeletal function and frailty Destination: section*.10 Item: Title: Provide sufficient dietary calcium and vitamin D Destination: section*.12 Item: Title: Monitor biomarkers of mineral and bone disorders Destination: section*.14 Item: Title: Assess bone mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry Destination: section*.16 Item: Title: Consider novel imaging techniques and analyses of bone strength Destination: section*.18 Item: Title: Consider a bone biopsy for complex cases Destination: section*.20 Item: Title: Seek help: the multidisciplinary team approach Destination: section*.22 Item: Title: RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS Destination: section*.24 Item: Title: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Destination: section*.26 Item: Title: DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Destination: section*.28 Item: Title: CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT Destination: section*.30 Item: Title: REFERENCES Destination: section*.32 Info: Title: Ten tips on how to assess bone health in patients with chronic kidney disease Author: Jørgensen Hanne Skou, Lloret Maria Jesús, Lalayiannis Alexander D., Shroff Rukshana, Evenepoel Pieter, , Bacchetta Justine, Bravenboer Nathalie, Ferreira Anibal, Fusaro Maria, Haarhaus Mathias, Lafage-Proust Marie-Helene Subject: DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfae093 Clinical Kidney Journal, 17, 5, 15-04-2024. Abstract: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience a several-fold increased risk of fracture. Despite the high incidence and the associated excess morbidity and premature mortality, bone fragility in CKD, or CKD-associated osteoporosis, remains a blind spot in nephrology with an immense treatment gap. Defining the bone phenotype is a prerequisite for the appropriate therapy of CKD-associated osteoporosis at the patient level. In the present review, we suggest 10 practical ‘tips and tricks’ for the assessment of bone health in patients with CKD. We describe the clinical, biochemical, and radiological evaluation of bone health, alongside the benefits and limitations of the available diagnostics. A bone biopsy, the gold standard for diagnosing renal bone disease, is invasive and not widely available; although useful in complex cases, we do not consider it an essential component of bone assessment in patients with CKD-associated osteoporosis. Furthermore, we advocate for the deployment of multidisciplinary expert teams at local, national, and potentially international level. Finally, we address the knowledge gaps in the diagnosis, particularly early detection, appropriate “real-time” monitoring of bone health in this highly vulnerable population, and emerging diagnostic tools, currently primarily used in research, that may be on the horizon of clinical practice. Keywords: bone density, chronic kidney disease 0 mineral and bone disorder, fracture, osteoporosis, renal osteodystrophy Creator: OUP Producer: Acrobat Distiller 10.0.0 (Windows) CreationDate: Thu May 30 05:33:48 CEST 2024 ModDate: Thu May 30 05:34:23 CEST 2024 ID: 0x0a534349df02b3fa3e87729db3fcf739, 0x1b8eec78fe886d29672a461e95426f59 Filters: FilterPipeline: FlateDecode FilterPipeline: DCTDecode Images: Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 143 ImageHeight: 151 ColorSpace: CMYK BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 57 ImageHeight: 251 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 3 ImageHeight: 21 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 58 ImageHeight: 256 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer 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image/png ImageWidth: 63 ImageHeight: 2 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 108 ImageHeight: 179 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 108 ImageHeight: 180 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 78 ImageHeight: 141 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 191 ImageHeight: 108 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 54 ImageHeight: 89 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 16 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 11 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 14 ImageHeight: 20 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 116 ImageHeight: 127 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 2 ImageHeight: 11 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 16 ImageHeight: 14 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 9 ImageHeight: 5 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 39 ImageHeight: 16 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 9 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 39 ImageHeight: 24 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 6 ImageHeight: 13 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 19 ImageHeight: 17 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 2 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 5 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 5 ImageHeight: 11 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 3 ImageHeight: 11 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 2 ImageHeight: 11 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 88 ImageHeight: 88 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 89 ImageHeight: 113 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 89 ImageHeight: 6 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 6 ImageHeight: 9 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 9 ImageHeight: 9 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 89 ImageHeight: 15 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 5 ImageHeight: 9 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 89 ImageHeight: 113 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 5 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 75 ImageHeight: 109 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 2 ImageHeight: 11 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 75 ImageHeight: 12 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 2 ImageHeight: 11 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 68 ImageHeight: 14 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 2 ImageHeight: 9 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 75 ImageHeight: 9 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 2 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 68 ImageHeight: 110 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 90 ImageHeight: 162 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 68 ImageHeight: 11 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 37 ImageHeight: 75 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 32 ImageHeight: 12 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 16 ImageHeight: 32 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 37 ImageHeight: 75 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 37 ImageHeight: 75 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 37 ImageHeight: 75 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 37 ImageHeight: 75 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 12 ImageHeight: 75 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 25 ImageHeight: 22 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 9 ImageHeight: 96 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 93 ImageHeight: 96 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 18 ImageHeight: 6 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 18 ImageHeight: 2 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 17 ImageHeight: 6 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 9 ImageHeight: 61 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 13 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 81 ImageHeight: 75 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 199 ImageHeight: 195 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 26 ImageHeight: 16 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 23 ImageHeight: 28 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 40 ImageHeight: 32 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 6 ImageHeight: 2 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 4 ImageHeight: 11 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 5 ImageHeight: 6 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 9 ImageHeight: 2 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 9 ImageHeight: 6 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 17 ImageHeight: 11 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 6 ImageHeight: 6 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 28 ImageHeight: 34 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 6 ImageHeight: 2 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 5 ImageHeight: 6 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 108 ImageHeight: 108 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 6 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 121 ImageHeight: 130 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 11 ImageHeight: 5 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 19 ImageHeight: 17 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 197 ImageHeight: 112 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 85 ImageHeight: 165 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 15 ImageHeight: 64 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 4 ImageHeight: 74 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 53 ImageHeight: 53 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 132 ImageHeight: 81 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 96 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 86 ImageHeight: 96 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 89 ImageHeight: 88 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 89 ImageHeight: 96 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 191 ImageHeight: 108 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 161 ImageHeight: 65 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 161 ImageHeight: 151 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 221 ImageHeight: 290 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 197 ImageHeight: 112 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 67 ImageHeight: 67 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 66 ImageHeight: 67 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 62 ImageHeight: 46 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 2 ImageHeight: 232 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 168 ImageHeight: 277 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 179 ImageHeight: 232 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 346 ImageHeight: 231 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 152 ImageHeight: 282 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 373 ImageHeight: 215 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 9 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 75 ImageHeight: 121 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 162 ImageHeight: 35 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 75 ImageHeight: 121 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 112 ImageHeight: 119 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 159 ImageHeight: 205 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 198 ImageHeight: 112 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 223 ImageHeight: 247 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 216 ImageHeight: 241 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 107 ImageHeight: 56 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 320 ImageHeight: 162 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 55 ImageHeight: 37 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 55 ImageHeight: 269 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 9 ImageHeight: 4 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 132 ImageHeight: 57 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 9 ImageHeight: 12 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 50 ImageHeight: 76 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 26 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 83 ImageHeight: 134 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 17 ImageHeight: 54 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 18 ImageHeight: 54 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 58 ImageHeight: 60 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 64 ImageHeight: 4 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 52 ImageHeight: 61 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 41 ImageHeight: 39 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 64 ImageHeight: 44 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 120 ImageHeight: 118 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 33 ImageHeight: 9 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 197 ImageHeight: 112 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 31 ImageHeight: 47 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 21 ImageHeight: 7 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 58 ImageHeight: 5 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 28 ImageHeight: 44 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 52 ImageHeight: 3 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 57 ImageHeight: 78 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 6 ImageHeight: 2 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 4 ImageHeight: 57 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 28 ImageHeight: 57 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 237 ImageHeight: 237 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 15 ImageHeight: 16 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 15 ImageHeight: 17 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 15 ImageHeight: 17 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 15 ImageHeight: 16 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 46 ImageHeight: 62 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 117 ImageHeight: 72 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 69 ImageHeight: 82 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 97 ImageHeight: 59 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 15 ImageHeight: 17 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 76 ImageHeight: 76 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 107 ImageHeight: 324 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 197 ImageHeight: 112 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 5 ImageHeight: 306 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 13 ImageHeight: 12 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 134 ImageHeight: 39 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 132 ImageHeight: 36 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 115 ImageHeight: 332 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 107 ImageHeight: 4 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 107 ImageHeight: 10 BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Filter: FlateDecode Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/jpg CompressionScheme: JPEG ImageWidth: 139 ImageHeight: 384 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 BitsPerSampleUnit: integer Image: NisoImageMetadata: FormatName: image/png ImageWidth: 15 ImageHeight: 17 ColorSpace: RGB BitsPerSample: 8 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and bone disorder, fracture, osteoporosis, renal osteodystrophy VoR 10.1093/ckj/sfae093 2048-8513 Clinical Kidney Journal journal 17 10.1093/ckj/sfae093 https://doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfae093 © The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the ERA. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. All Rights Reserved application/pdf doi:10.1093/ckj/sfae093 © The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the ERA. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Jørgensen Hanne Skou Lloret Maria Jesús Lalayiannis Alexander D. Shroff Rukshana Evenepoel Pieter Bacchetta Justine Bravenboer Nathalie Ferreira Anibal Fusaro Maria Haarhaus Mathias Lafage-Proust Marie-Helene Oxford University Press DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfae093 Clinical Kidney Journal, 17, 5, 15-04-2024. Abstract: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience a several-fold increased risk of fracture. Despite the high incidence and the associated excess morbidity and premature mortality, bone fragility in CKD, or CKD-associated osteoporosis, remains a blind spot in nephrology with an immense treatment gap. Defining the bone phenotype is a prerequisite for the appropriate therapy of CKD-associated osteoporosis at the patient level. In the present review, we suggest 10 practical ‘tips and tricks’ for the assessment of bone health in patients with CKD. We describe the clinical, biochemical, and radiological evaluation of bone health, alongside the benefits and limitations of the available diagnostics. A bone biopsy, the gold standard for diagnosing renal bone disease, is invasive and not widely available; although useful in complex cases, we do not consider it an essential component of bone assessment in patients with CKD-associated osteoporosis. Furthermore, we advocate for the deployment of multidisciplinary expert teams at local, national, and potentially international level. Finally, we address the knowledge gaps in the diagnosis, particularly early detection, appropriate “real-time” monitoring of bone health in this highly vulnerable population, and emerging diagnostic tools, currently primarily used in research, that may be on the horizon of clinical practice. bone density chronic kidney disease 0 mineral and bone disorder fracture osteoporosis renal osteodystrophy Ten tips on how to assess bone health in patients with chronic kidney disease Jørgensen Hanne Skou, Lloret Maria Jesús, Lalayiannis Alexander D., Shroff Rukshana, Evenepoel Pieter, , Bacchetta Justine, Bravenboer Nathalie, Ferreira Anibal, Fusaro Maria, Haarhaus Mathias, Lafage-Proust Marie-Helene uuid:64db02ad-930c-30ff-89db-3737e98a5d64 uuid:44c88a77-2d45-4682-8a82-a7e14c49368d True Pages: Page: Label: 1 Annotations: Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 62, 683, 116, 694 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 314, 709, 426, 719 Annotation: Subtype: Link Rect: 208, 539, 222, 555 Annotation: Subtype: Link 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