09c6f60d32a3424f6b3458f0512b8f70 VIRU_a2024v15p1431.pdf ce3b30d6a3a835ebf3cd7baa96ba285b66592988 VIRU_a2024v15p1431.pdf 7442a787d85bae3812f03ee845920835692a3070e108971f2fedaa41f2835489 VIRU_a2024v15p1431.pdf Title: Retrospective Analyses of Porcine Circovirus Type 3 (PCV-3) in Switzerland Subject: Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) has emerged as a significant pathogen affecting global swine populations, yet its epidemiology and clinical implications remain incompletely understood. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the prevalence and histopathological features of PCV-3 infection in pigs from Switzerland, focusing on archival cases of suckling and weaner piglets presenting with suggestive lesions. An in-house qPCR assay was developed for detecting PCV-3 in frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, enhancing the national diagnostic capabilities. Histopathological reassessment identified PCV-3 systemic disease (PCV-3-SD) compatible lesions in 19 (6%) of archival cases, with 47% testing positive by qPCR across various organs. Notably, vascular lesions predominated, particularly in mesenteric arteries, heart, and kidneys. The study confirms the presence of PCV-3 in Switzerland since at least 2020, marking the first documented cases within the Swiss swine population. Despite challenges in in situ hybridization validation due to prolonged formalin fixation, the findings indicate viral systemic dissemination. These results contribute to the understanding of PCV-3 epidemiology in Swiss pigs, emphasizing the need for continued surveillance and further research on its clinical implications and interaction with host factors. Our study underscores the utility and limitations of molecular techniques in confirming PCV-3 infections. Keywords: porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3); PCV-3 systemic disease (PCV-3-SD); vascular lesions; real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR); histopathology; tissue microarray (TMA); in situ hybridization (ISH); diagnostic Author: Giuliana Rosato, Grace Makanaka Makoni, Àlex Cobos, Marina Sibila, Joaquim Segalés, Hanna Marti, Barbara Prähauser and Frauke Seehusen Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Thu Sep 12 04:36:33 2024 CEST ModDate: Thu Sep 12 05:18:47 2024 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 10 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 7340604 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- ZRJXYR+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 ATNMEE+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 YRZUGJ+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 MECYIY+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 VTRSQJ+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 32 0 HOWKDX+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 48 0 XIRVNA+EURB10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 68 0 QLADRS+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 73 0 OVNEXW+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 81 0 BIOMBA+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 92 0 BIOMBB+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 95 0 BIOMBC+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 101 0 BIOMBE+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 104 0 BIOMHD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 107 0 BIOMBA+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 117 0 BIOMBB+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 120 0 BIOMBC+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 126 0 BIOMBE+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 129 0 BIOMHD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 132 0 BIOMBA+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 148 0 BIOMBB+PalatinoLinotype CID TrueType Identity-H yes yes yes 151 0 BIOMBC+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 157 0 BIOMBE+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 160 0 BIOMHD+PalatinoLinotype TrueType MacRoman yes yes no 163 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-02-07 02:47:06 CET RepresentationInformation: VIRU_a2024v15p1431.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-02-06 12:40:51 CET Size: 7340604 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 319 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Retrospective Histopathological Evaluation of Lesions Consistent with PCV-3-Associated Diseases Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Real-Time PCR for PCV-3 Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Tissue Microarray (TMA) Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: In Situ Hybridization Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Histopathological Results Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: qPCR Results Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: In Situ Hybridization Results Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: section.6 Info: Title: Retrospective Analyses of Porcine Circovirus Type 3 (PCV-3) in Switzerland Author: Giuliana Rosato, Grace Makanaka Makoni, Àlex Cobos, Marina Sibila, Joaquim Segalés, Hanna Marti, Barbara Prähauser and Frauke Seehusen Subject: Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) has emerged as a significant pathogen affecting global swine populations, yet its epidemiology and clinical implications remain incompletely understood. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the prevalence and histopathological features of PCV-3 infection in pigs from Switzerland, focusing on archival cases of suckling and weaner piglets presenting with suggestive lesions. An in-house qPCR assay was developed for detecting PCV-3 in frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, enhancing the national diagnostic capabilities. Histopathological reassessment identified PCV-3 systemic disease (PCV-3-SD) compatible lesions in 19 (6%) of archival cases, with 47% testing positive by qPCR across various organs. Notably, vascular lesions predominated, particularly in mesenteric arteries, heart, and kidneys. The study confirms the presence of PCV-3 in Switzerland since at least 2020, marking the first documented cases within the Swiss swine population. Despite challenges in in situ hybridization validation due to prolonged formalin fixation, the findings indicate viral systemic dissemination. These results contribute to the understanding of PCV-3 epidemiology in Swiss pigs, emphasizing the need for continued surveillance and further research on its clinical implications and interaction with host factors. Our study underscores the utility and limitations of molecular techniques in confirming PCV-3 infections. 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