c967437ef80ec11c506184913282c097 sustainability-16-10939.pdf 309263197f895aec2dbc670da8bfbb22f4a534c3 sustainability-16-10939.pdf 143895d92025584702bf6eb8c5d12ee24f5dffbe8a0863c1bbd4499508a1d4d5 sustainability-16-10939.pdf Title: Neutral Impact of Cattle Grazing in Pyrenean OakForests Integrity Subject: The combination of logging, burning, and livestock farming has been the main driver of European landscape sustainability for thousands of years. Whether or not livestock could keep these habitats on their own is under debate when extensive livestock grazing is kept understory in forests of high environmental value that, in turn, are affected by global warming. In this work, the impact of beef cattle on the diversity, shrub cover, and primary production of the Atlantic Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) in northern Spain has been evaluated. The research studied their feeding habits using the faecal cuticle micro histological analysis in dung samples. Then, the effects of cattle grazing on the cover and alpha diversity of woody plants were evaluated. Finally, oaks’ primary production and phenology in grazed and control areas were compared. The results show that cattle feed on woody (an average of 30% of non-leguminous woody) and annual plant species (more than 20% of forbs) but do not affect plant cover or alpha diversity of vegetation. However, oak phenology differed between grazed and ungrazed treatments, probably due to the spatial variability of grazed forests. It can be concluded that understory grazing in Pyrenean oak forests could be considered a sustainable silvopastoral activity with a neutral impact on forest integrity. Keywords: sylvopastoralism; diet composition; phenology; understory diversity; Quercus pyrenaica Author: Jordi Bartolomé, Antonio Carrasco Amat, Jonathan Rubines, Javier Sesma, Omar López-Garrido, Miguel Ibáñez, Carlos Hernández-Castellano, Santiago Lavín, Araceli Gort-Esteve, Anahí Hernández-Rodríguez, Karen González, Mariana Rossa, João Carvalho and Emmanuel Serrano Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Fri Dec 13 11:34:18 2024 CET ModDate: Fri Dec 13 11:47:12 2024 CET Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 15 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 2802631 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- OJYKSJ+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 GTICEU+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 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2025-02-19 14:12:27 CET Size: 2802631 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 512 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Material and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Study Area Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Animal Management Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Diet Composition Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Biodiversity Analysis Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Phenology Analysis Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Diet Composition Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Plant Cover and Diversity Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Phenology Analysis Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Children: Item: Title: Diet Composition Destination: subsection.4.1 Item: Title: Diversity Analysis Destination: subsection.4.2 Item: Title: Phenology Analysis Destination: subsection.4.3 Item: Title: References Destination: appendix.A. Info: Title: Neutral Impact of Cattle Grazing in Pyrenean OakForests Integrity Author: Jordi Bartolomé, Antonio Carrasco Amat, Jonathan Rubines, Javier Sesma, Omar López-Garrido, Miguel Ibáñez, Carlos Hernández-Castellano, Santiago Lavín, Araceli Gort-Esteve, Anahí Hernández-Rodríguez, Karen González, Mariana Rossa, João Carvalho and Emmanuel Serrano Subject: The combination of logging, burning, and livestock farming has been the main driver of European landscape sustainability for thousands of years. Whether or not livestock could keep these habitats on their own is under debate when extensive livestock grazing is kept understory in forests of high environmental value that, in turn, are affected by global warming. In this work, the impact of beef cattle on the diversity, shrub cover, and primary production of the Atlantic Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) in northern Spain has been evaluated. The research studied their feeding habits using the faecal cuticle micro histological analysis in dung samples. Then, the effects of cattle grazing on the cover and alpha diversity of woody plants were evaluated. Finally, oaks’ primary production and phenology in grazed and control areas were compared. The results show that cattle feed on woody (an average of 30% of non-leguminous woody) and annual plant species (more than 20% of forbs) but do not affect plant cover or alpha diversity of vegetation. However, oak phenology differed between grazed and ungrazed treatments, probably due to the spatial variability of grazed forests. It can be concluded that understory grazing in Pyrenean oak forests could be considered a sustainable silvopastoral activity with a neutral impact on forest integrity. 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