f682e04c49b058509cbd1cee6b355a69 nutrients-16-01631.pdf 08512d74e88529eaff5f8bcaa93705270412ccb6 nutrients-16-01631.pdf 691aaec8bff5eab08561dc5c720c909bec90524c95a221e9a753b2cdd826d0a3 nutrients-16-01631.pdf Title: Preventive Intake of a Multiple Micronutrient Supplement during Mild, Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection to Reduce the Post-Acute COVID-19 Condition: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial Subject: Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 have low levels of vitamins and trace elements. This could lead to a post-acute COVID-19 condition (PCC) that can worsen a patient’s quality of life. We aimed to study the baseline micronutrient status of patients and assess whether a multiple micronutrient supplement (MMS) taken for 2 weeks at the first sign of COVID-19 symptoms would be able to reduce the incidence of PCC. This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted in adult outpatients with acute COVID-19, recruited between 2021 and 2023 in Spain. Of the 285 patients assessed for eligibility, 267 were randomized and 246 were included in the intent-to-treat population. The mean age was 46.8 years, and 68% were female. Overall, 54.6% had micronutrient deficiencies in the acute phase of COVID-19 at baseline, and 26.2% had PCC after 180 days of follow-up (D180). The most frequently recorded PCC symptoms were neurological (14.1%), with 24% patients scoring worse in the cognitive tests compared to their baseline status. The rate of PCC at D180 was similar between the placebo (25.0%) and intervention (27.7%) groups, without significant differences (p = 0.785). Age over 50 years was the most relevant risk factor for developing PCC, followed by female sex. The most important protective factor against PCC was SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. In this population of predominantly middle-aged, white women with acute COVID-19 not requiring hospital admission, MMS intake for 14 days at symptom onset did not prevent PCC nor improve their micronutrient status at D180. Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; post-COVID-19 condition; long COVID; nutritional status; micronutrients; multiple micronutrient supplement; cognitive assessment; cognitive impairment; quality of life Author: Teresa Maria Tomasa-Irriguible, Ramon Monfà, Cristina Miranda-Jiménez, Rosa Morros, Neus Robert, Luisa Bordejé-Laguna, Sandra Vidal, Pere Torán-Monserrat and Ana Maria Barriocanal Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Mon Jun 3 09:57:38 2024 CEST ModDate: Mon Jun 3 10:04:23 2024 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 19 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 855966 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- NCRKTZ+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 FMHKOG+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 QMJOFX+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 LNPDYL+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 JIFSYT+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 32 0 HGMNRX+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 48 0 PDTLUH+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 68 0 OVNEXW+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 76 0 HFMIOM+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 100 0 HFMIOO+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 103 0 HFMIPA+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 106 0 WBVKDJ+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 118 0 HFMIOM+PalatinoLinotype,Bold TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 133 0 HFMIOO+PalatinoLinotype TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 136 0 HFMIPA+PalatinoLinotype,Italic TrueType WinAnsi yes yes no 139 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-06-06 02:55:54 CEST RepresentationInformation: nutrients-16-01631.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-06-05 18:05:42 CEST Size: 855966 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 384 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Trial Design Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Study Population Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Micronutrients: Sample Collection and Measurements Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Macronutrients: Recording and Interpretation Destination: subsection.2.4 Item: Title: Interventions: Randomization and Sequence Generation Destination: subsection.2.5 Item: Title: Outcomes Destination: subsection.2.6 Item: Title: Treatment-Related Side Effects Destination: subsection.2.7 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: subsection.2.8 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: Study Participants Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: Recruitment Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Baseline Data Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Main Results Destination: subsection.3.4 Children: Item: Title: Primary Outcomes Destination: subsubsection.3.4.1 Item: Title: Secondary Outcomes Destination: subsubsection.3.4.2 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: appendix.A. Info: Title: Preventive Intake of a Multiple Micronutrient Supplement during Mild, Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection to Reduce the Post-Acute COVID-19 Condition: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial Author: Teresa Maria Tomasa-Irriguible, Ramon Monfà, Cristina Miranda-Jiménez, Rosa Morros, Neus Robert, Luisa Bordejé-Laguna, Sandra Vidal, Pere Torán-Monserrat and Ana Maria Barriocanal Subject: Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 have low levels of vitamins and trace elements. This could lead to a post-acute COVID-19 condition (PCC) that can worsen a patient’s quality of life. We aimed to study the baseline micronutrient status of patients and assess whether a multiple micronutrient supplement (MMS) taken for 2 weeks at the first sign of COVID-19 symptoms would be able to reduce the incidence of PCC. This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted in adult outpatients with acute COVID-19, recruited between 2021 and 2023 in Spain. Of the 285 patients assessed for eligibility, 267 were randomized and 246 were included in the intent-to-treat population. The mean age was 46.8 years, and 68% were female. Overall, 54.6% had micronutrient deficiencies in the acute phase of COVID-19 at baseline, and 26.2% had PCC after 180 days of follow-up (D180). The most frequently recorded PCC symptoms were neurological (14.1%), with 24% patients scoring worse in the cognitive tests compared to their baseline status. The rate of PCC at D180 was similar between the placebo (25.0%) and intervention (27.7%) groups, without significant differences (p = 0.785). Age over 50 years was the most relevant risk factor for developing PCC, followed by female sex. The most important protective factor against PCC was SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. In this population of predominantly middle-aged, white women with acute COVID-19 not requiring hospital admission, MMS intake for 14 days at symptom onset did not prevent PCC nor improve their micronutrient status at D180. 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