5c236f90f57013f92dbd938a5286d5a6 nutrients-16-01099.pdf c3c66e550ff30a1ca12b6c79ecf25b0c80047d1c nutrients-16-01099.pdf 2d06ddae2d17633b5ffe26cb8d130a832b7073b7a6439fa2ee873e96cc6332e5 nutrients-16-01099.pdf Title: Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated with Advanced Liver Fibrosis and Impaired Fasting Glucose in Alcohol Use Disorder Subject: Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for liver disease, insulin resistance, and beta cell dysfunction. Individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) have many comorbidities, with a heavy burden of liver disease and metabolic complications, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objective: We aimed to analyze the prevalence and associations of vitamin D deficiency in patients admitted for in-hospital treatment of AUD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients consecutively admitted for the treatment of AUD between January 2017 and October 2023. Sociodemographic data, substance use characteristics, and blood parameters were available at admission. Vitamin D status was assessed through the serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels using a direct competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay method. Deficiency of vitamin D was defined as a concentration less than 20 ng/mL; impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was defined by fasting blood glucose >100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L), and advanced liver fibrosis by an FIB-4 index >3.25. Results: Two hundred and forty-three patients were included (75% male) with a mean age of 49 10 years, mean BMI of 26.4 7.3, mean alcohol consumption of 163 81 g/day, and a mean duration of AUD of 18.1 11.2 years. Mean 25(OH)D, fasting blood glucose, AST, ALT, and platelets were 14.4 10.2 ng/mL, 103.4 40.9 mg/dL, 55.1 75.8 U/L, 44.8 76.6 U/L, and 206.3 84.8 109/L, respectively. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 80.6%, and 41.1% of patients had levels less than 10 ng/mL. IFG was present in 32.3% of patients, and 20.5% had FIB-4 values >3.25. In the multivariable analysis, IFG (OR, 2.51; 95% CI: 1.02–6.17, p = 0.04) and advanced liver fibrosis (OR, 4.27; 95% CI: 1.21–15.0, p = 0.02) were the only factors associated with vitamin D deficiency. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency was very prevalent in this series of patients with AUD and was associated with impaired fasting glucose and advanced liver fibrosis. Keywords: vitamin D; alcohol use disorder; fasting glucose; advanced liver fibrosis Author: Paola Zuluaga, Julia Casado-Carbajo, Anna Hernández-Rubio, Marvin Bueno-Vélez, Carmen García-Martin, Robert Muga and Daniel Fuster Creator: LaTeX with hyperref Producer: pdfTeX-1.40.25 CreationDate: Tue Apr 9 10:42:25 2024 CEST ModDate: Tue Apr 9 10:58:30 2024 CEST Custom Metadata: no Metadata Stream: no Tagged: no UserProperties: no Suspects: no Form: none JavaScript: no Pages: 10 Encrypted: no Page size: 595.276 x 841.89 pts (A4) Page rot: 0 File size: 278664 bytes Optimized: no PDF version: 1.7 name type encoding emb sub uni object ID ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------------- --- --- --- --------- IOJCNK+VnURWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 10 0 ZHLVRZ+URWPalladioL-Bold Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 16 0 AJNRYB+URWPalladioL-Roma Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 22 0 QFWTJA+URWPalladioL-Ital Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 27 0 NJAOJC+CMSY10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 32 0 CIQLLF+VnURWPalladioL Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 37 0 HGMNRX+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT Type 1C WinAnsi yes yes no 53 0 QLBIEB+URWPalladioL-BoldItal Type 1 Custom yes yes yes 76 0 LWLIVD+EURM10 Type 1 Builtin yes yes yes 93 0 Jhove (Rel. 1.28.0, 2023-05-18) Date: 2025-06-12 02:41:50 CEST RepresentationInformation: nutrients-16-01099.pdf ReportingModule: PDF-hul, Rel. 1.12.4 (2023-03-16) LastModified: 2025-06-11 19:14:22 CEST Size: 278664 Format: PDF Version: 1.7 Status: Well-Formed and valid SignatureMatches: PDF-hul MIMEtype: application/pdf PDFMetadata: Objects: 248 FreeObjects: 1 IncrementalUpdates: 0 DocumentCatalog: PageLayout: SinglePage PageMode: UseNone Outlines: Item: Title: Introduction Destination: section.1 Item: Title: Materials and Methods Destination: section.2 Children: Item: Title: Design and Study Population Destination: subsection.2.1 Item: Title: Measurements Destination: subsection.2.2 Item: Title: Statistical Analysis Destination: subsection.2.3 Item: Title: Results Destination: section.3 Children: Item: Title: 25(OH)D Levels and Bivariate Associations of Vitamin D Deficiency Destination: subsection.3.1 Item: Title: 25(OH)D Levels and Bone Metabolism Markers Destination: subsection.3.2 Item: Title: Associations of Clinical and Laboratory Parameters with Vitamin D Deficiency Destination: subsection.3.3 Item: Title: Discussion Destination: section.4 Item: Title: Conclusions Destination: section.5 Item: Title: References Destination: appendix.A. Info: Title: Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated with Advanced Liver Fibrosis and Impaired Fasting Glucose in Alcohol Use Disorder Author: Paola Zuluaga, Julia Casado-Carbajo, Anna Hernández-Rubio, Marvin Bueno-Vélez, Carmen García-Martin, Robert Muga and Daniel Fuster Subject: Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for liver disease, insulin resistance, and beta cell dysfunction. Individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) have many comorbidities, with a heavy burden of liver disease and metabolic complications, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objective: We aimed to analyze the prevalence and associations of vitamin D deficiency in patients admitted for in-hospital treatment of AUD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients consecutively admitted for the treatment of AUD between January 2017 and October 2023. Sociodemographic data, substance use characteristics, and blood parameters were available at admission. Vitamin D status was assessed through the serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels using a direct competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay method. Deficiency of vitamin D was defined as a concentration less than 20 ng/mL; impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was defined by fasting blood glucose >100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L), and advanced liver fibrosis by an FIB-4 index >3.25. Results: Two hundred and forty-three patients were included (75% male) with a mean age of 49 10 years, mean BMI of 26.4 7.3, mean alcohol consumption of 163 81 g/day, and a mean duration of AUD of 18.1 11.2 years. Mean 25(OH)D, fasting blood glucose, AST, ALT, and platelets were 14.4 10.2 ng/mL, 103.4 40.9 mg/dL, 55.1 75.8 U/L, 44.8 76.6 U/L, and 206.3 84.8 109/L, respectively. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 80.6%, and 41.1% of patients had levels less than 10 ng/mL. IFG was present in 32.3% of patients, and 20.5% had FIB-4 values >3.25. In the multivariable analysis, IFG (OR, 2.51; 95% CI: 1.02 6.17, p = 0.04) and advanced liver fibrosis (OR, 4.27; 95% CI: 1.21 15.0, p = 0.02) were the only factors associated with vitamin D deficiency. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency was very prevalent in this series of patients with AUD and was associated with impaired fasting glucose and advanced liver fibrosis. 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